Sequelae of BCG vaccination and effects of cleaning vaccine site with alcohol

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In Sri Lanka, BCG vaccine is given during neonatai period. There are many myths regarding BCG vaccine among general public and sequelae of vaccination is not well documented in medical literature. AIMS: Objectives of this study were to describe the sequelae of BCG vaccination when given at neonatal period and to find out whether cleaning the vaccine site with 70% alcohol, affect its potency. METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out at Ragama teaching hospital and 2 private hospitals in Gampaha district. 125 babies each from government and private sector were recruited for the study with the consent from parents. Vaccine was administered in the morning as well as evening, as required by the patient, by a consultant Paediatrician. Vaccine site was cleaned with 70 % alcohol and allowed to dry before vaccination. All babies were bathed on same day. Babies were followed up periodically until a scar was detected. RESULTS: 182 babies completed the follow up and all babies developed a scar. Time taken for a reaction varied but all babies had a reaction by 8 weeks and a scar by 14 weeks. 6 babies had fever within one week of vaccination but it was due to feeding failure or sepsis. None had adverse reactions attributable to the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Cleaning the vaccine site with alcohol does not affect the potency of BCG vaccine. Proper technique of administration is important for successful vaccination. Time of vaccination and bathing had no effect on efficacy or side effects.