Exploring monocotyledon diversity in South Maharashtra, India: Implications for conservation and sustainable development

Abstract

Floristic diversity, encompassing the array of plant species within a defined region, holds pivotal importance for sustainable development and conservation efforts. It is crucial to have an extensive exploration and study of biodiversity, for their sustainable utilization, research and development, and conservation. India is immensely rich in all aspects of biodiversity and stands as one of the most significant biodiversity centers in the world. This study focuses on the monocotyledon plants in South Maharashtra state, India, aiming to provide comprehensive data on their diversity and current status. Over an eight-year period (2010–2018), extensive random surveys spanning four districts were conducted, revealing 367 species belongs to 179 genera and 27 families. Notably, 33 species endemic to the Western Ghats were recorded in the study area, including Crinum solapurense Gaikwad, Garad & Gore, which is strictly confined to this region. The assessment highlights 13 species are at risk in Maharashtra, with one critically endangered, two endangered, one vulnerable, and nine categorized as low risk for the region. Additionally, the study documented 54 medicinal, 51 cultivated, and 82 exotic plant species. Herbaceous taxa constitute a substantial 86.70% of the total, with Poaceae and Cyperaceae emerging as dominant families, signifying favorable agricultural conditions due to climatic and soil factors. This inventory of monocotyledonous plants is expected to serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, foresters, researchers, agriculturists, and environmentalists. The inventory is a crucial tool for these stakeholders, aiding in the development of conservation policies, afforestation and reforestation programs, ecological and evolutionary studies, agricultural development, and the promotion of sustainable management. It particularly emphasizes the significance of preserving the unique grasslands in the area, providing a basis for future conservation measures and management plans.