Gender differences in lifestyle modifications adopted by medical undergraduates of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya in response to economic changes in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background: The Sri Lankan economy has recently faced challenges, including rising inflation and increased unemployment, impacting various sectors including university undergraduates. This study aims to identify the gender differences in coping strategies adopted by medical undergraduates at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya and describe the effects of those on their economic stress. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 medical undergraduates. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire including demography, coping strategies, and the APR Financial Stress Scale which represents affective (A), physiological (P), and relational (R) aspects of financial stress. Results: The sample comprised 191 males (63.2%) and 111 females (36.8%). Approximately 74.8% (n=83) of females and 58.6% (n=112) of males reported that lifestyle modifications were necessary following economic crisis. The APR Financial Stress Scale revealed a mean stress score of 2.3575 (out of 5) for the entire sample, with no statistically significant difference between genders (p=0.294). Females were more likely to modify learning strategies (84.7%) (n=94), engage in religious activities (82%) (n=91) and share expenses with roommates or friends (72.1%) (n=80) as coping strategies. Frequent engagement in extracurricular activities (71.7%) (n=137) and reduced personal grooming expenses (67%) (n=128) were observed in males. While no significant difference in the overall extent of coping strategies was found between genders (p=0.413), female students were significantly more likely to take student loans (p<0.001). Regression analysis indicated that students employing greater extent of coping strategies reported higher levels of feelings of depression, hopelessness, reduced self-confidence, fear, anxiety, and worry about their financial situation. Conclusion: The economic crisis did not significantly impact on most medical undergraduates. In the affected group, both genders were similarly impacted, prompting students to adopt various coping strategies. Findings highlight the importance of establishing targeted support systems, such as financial aid programs and mental health services, to navigate financial stress and maintain academic performance.