The practice of female genital mutilation in Sri Lanka: A hidden practice

Abstract

Background: The practice of Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting (FGM/C) sparks many controversial debates, and any type of FGM/C has been acknowledged as a harmful procedure and a violation of girls' and women's human rights. Multiple international and regional accords codify human rights, and the UN has addressed FGM/C in Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Thus, the main objective of this study was to discuss the domestic, regional, and international legislations against FGM/C, with reference to Sri Lanka. Method: This study followed a qualitative approach, utilizing content analysis and secondary data sources such as books, reports, research papers, UN resolutions, treaties and court rulings to determine the legal and social phenomena behind the practice of FG M/C. Results: It was identified that FGM/C covertly carried out in some populations in Sri Lanka, mostly among the Moor, Malay, and Dawoodi Bohra ethnic groups. Although there isn't a clear legal ban, sections in the Penal Code and the National Child Protection Authority Act may apply in FGM/C cases. In the same way, India grapples with hidden FGM/C cases. Local legislation has emerged in Egypt and the UK to punish the brutal practice. Also, the regional human rights mechanisms in Africa and Europe have given specific attention to FGM/C practices. Conclusion: It can be recommended that there should be more robust mechanisms locally in Sri Lanka and regionally in Asia to address this brutal practice and, most importantly, mechanisms to bind the international community by the international human rights conventions because abiding by human rights is not a choice.