Socio-economic problems and challenges affecting the life sustainability of the elderly community based on the Southern Province of Sri Lanka

Abstract

The growth of the elderly population is a global phenomenon, presenting a significant social challenge for both developed and developing nations. In Sri Lanka, the elderly population is expanding rapidly, surpassing the growth rates of several other countries in the Asian region. A distinct issue observable in the Sri Lankan context is the lack of commensurate socio-economic development relative to this demographic expansion. Consequently, the elderly face a multitude of socio-economic problems and challenges. The primary objective of this research was to identify the socio-economic issues faced by the elderly community and to recommend novel approaches and strategies to ensure their livelihood sustainability. The study employed a mixed-methods research methodology. A sample of 350 elderly individuals selected from the Southern Province via simple random sampling was utilized for the study, adopting both survey and empirical research approaches. Data collection was conducted using primary and secondary sources. Descriptive statistics were employed for quantitative data analysis, while thematic and case analysis methods were used for qualitative data analysis. Furthermore, the socio-economic status of the elderly community was assessed by applying the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. The findings revealed that deficiencies in financial and social capital have negatively impacted the livelihood sustainability of the elderly community. Economic insecurity has emerged as the predominant issue, with 35.0% of the sample reporting no monthly income. The decline in social capital has contributed to increased social isolation among the elderly. Moreover, deficiencies in physical and human capital—such as lack of physical facilities, transportation difficulties, lack of technological literacy, and health issues—have intensified livelihood challenges. Notably, 55.0% of the sample comprised elderly individuals with poor health conditions. The study concludes that by assessing the socio-economic status of the elderly and implementing interventions that facilitate access to capital assets, the livelihood sustainability of the elderly community can be realized.