Assessment of level of public knowledge, attitude, and perception towards sustainable mangrove forest conservation: a case study from Negombo, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Mangroves serve as vital components in ecosystem balance and contribute significantly to the socio-economic well-being of local communities by offering resources like fish, timber, and tourism. Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions (KAP) aids in sustaining mangrove conservation by informing interventions, addressing local priorities, and monitoring effectiveness. This study targets understanding public sentiments regarding sustainable mangrove forest conservation in Sri Lanka's Negombo region. Before data collection, a pilot study with 40 participants ensured data reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82). Through face-to-face interviews, 395 individuals residing near the Negombo lagoon, across 8 Grama Niladhari Divisions, were randomly selected, maintaining gender equality (51.39% male, 48.61% female). SPSS version 26 facilitated Likert scale and correlation analyses to gauge community perspectives. Findings revealed high community knowledge levels (3.92 to 4.72) regarding mangrove significance, varied attitudes (3.2 to 4.88), and positive perceptions (4.47 to 4.83) toward conservation. Notably, females exhibited better attitudes and perceptions compared to males, though knowledge levels remained similar. Overwhelmingly (96.2%), respondents recognized the adverse impacts of mangrove loss on both the environment and livelihood economics, attributing degradation to chemical pollution, illegal clearing, and development activities. Strong positive correlations (knowledge & attitude: r = 0.90, knowledge & perception: r = 0.80, attitude & perception: r = 0.86) underscored the interconnectedness of these factors. The study recommends mangrove replanting with scientific oversight, policy rectification, and comprehensive conservation strategies to ensure ecosystem survival. These findings offer valuable insights for future research and can guide governments and stakeholders in optimizing campaigns and programs aimed at sustainably managing mangrove forests.