Analysis of security threats to Android mobile devices and apps, propose defense mechanisms to protect user privacy and data

Abstract

As mobile devices have become ubiquitous, so too have mobile security threats, adversely affecting user privacy and data. This research targets prevalent threats to Android devices and apps, such as data leakage, unsecured Wi-Fi, network spoofing, phishing, spyware, broken cryptography, and improper session handling. We propose a multi-layered defensive framework that includes specific technical solutions and user education strategies. Our key findings suggest that regular software updates, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and robust app permission management are vital in mitigating these threats. Furthermore, we introduce an AI-driven threat detection system that significantly enhances the ability to pre-emptively identify and neutralize emerging threats. Our study also highlights the effectiveness of real-time security alerts and gamification in improving user engagement with security practices. To address system-level vulnerabilities, we recommend secure boot processes, runtime integrity checks, and a secure patch distribution channel independent of full OS updates. This research advocates for a holistic approach combining advanced technical defences with proactive user education to secure Android devices against an evolving threat landscape.