Knowledge and attitudes on child sexual abuse among adolescent children ranging from 13 to 15 years of age in the Gampaha Education Zone

Abstract

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a critical global public health issue with severe psychological, social, and developmental consequences. Adolescent children, undergoing significant physical and emotional changes, are particularly vulnerable. In Sri Lanka, CSA remains a pressing concern due to cultural taboos and inadequate sex education. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent children regarding CSA in the Gampaha Education Zone. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 374 students aged 13-15 years from Type 1 AB schools. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across Grades 8, 9, and 10. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics, CSA knowledge, attitudes, and reporting behaviours. Statistical analysis explored associations between demographic factors and CSA awareness. Results: The majority of the students were females (59.9%; n=224) and were in Grade 9 (41.1%; n=155). There were huge gaps in knowledge about CSA, and only 11% knew the legal age for consenting to a sexual act. There was a significant association between age, parental education level and source of information on CSA with children's knowledge level (P<0.05). Attitudes towards CSA reporting was concerning, with only 44.1% identifying a trusted adult and 11.5% aware of helpline services. A strong association was observed between knowledge and attitudes, where poor knowledge is associated with poor attitudes. Conclusion: Significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions about CSA exist among adolescents. Findings highlight the urgent need for structured, age-appropriate sexual education, increased parental involvement, and broader community awareness to enhance child protection in Sri Lanka.