Characteristics and application of animal byproduct- based films and coatings in the packaging of food products

Abstract

A large volume of animal byproducts remains underutilized, and low-value components such as skin, bones, feathers, heads, feet, hairs, horns, hooves, tails, cartilage, unused myofibril muscles, fins, fish scales, and whey protein are generated by meat processing industries, slaughterhouses, and milk processing industries. The main value-added biopolymers derived from animal byproducts are chitosan, keratin, gelatin, collagen, myofibrillar proteins, and whey protein. Despite having a wide range of uses in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, animal byproducts still have a considerable quantity that is not being used, which has the potential to be used to create bioplastics.