Kajal and Anjana as a Preventive Eye Care Measure in Indian Culture: A Literature Review

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between the Indian cosmetic item Kajal, and the Ayurvedic eye treatment, Anjana, and explores their similarities and differences. Women and girls have been using Kajal for eye beautification and maintaining eye health for ages. Anjana, the most significant Ayurvedic eye care measure, is mentioned under the Netra Kriya Kalpa, and there are three types of Anjana based on their action: Lekhana, Ropana, and Prasadana. This literature review was conducted by collecting information from traditional Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita, Astanga Hridhya Samhita, Sarangadhara Samhita, Sarasankshepaya), Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopes. The findings indicate that Kajal is primarily used for cosmetic purposes in Indian culture, but the ingredients used for its preparation have medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, sun protective, and antiageing properties. On the other hand, Anjana is mainly used to prevent and treat various eye diseases and is an essential part of the daily and seasonal regimens for maintaining healthy eyes. The review revealed that Kajal and Anjana have similarities and differences, and further research is required to explore their potential as preventive eye care measures and their potential for use in modern medicine. In conclusion, while Kajal is linked to Indian culture as a cosmetic item, it could also have indirect medicinal effects. Depending on the medicinal properties and actions of Kajal, it could be more related to the special Anjana type, Netra Prasadana Anjana.