International Postgraduate Research Conference (IPRC)
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Item A Study of Prehistoric Settlement in Sri Lanka Through Archaeological Evidence(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sumangala Thero, PahiyangalaAccording to the latest excavation, it is revealed that the settlement of Sri Lanka dates back more than 6th century BC. These periods can be divided as Prehistoric, Proto historic and historic period. Main objective of this study is to identify when and how the human settlement of Sri Lanka established in the ancient times. Research method is included both primary and secondary data collection methods excavation reports of prehistoric and historic. First evidence of prehistoric settlements was found from the excavations at Balangoda area by Dr. S.U Deraniyagala and it was identified that those skeleton remains date back to 28000 years ago. They belonged to Homo Sapiens. There are large number of prehistoric sites in Sri Lanka which are extremely rich with evidences of prehistoric settlement sites. Pahiyan Cave 47000-5000 years BP, Batadomba Cave 36000- 13000 years BP, Belilena 30000-9000 years BP, Pothana 5800 years BP, Bellanbadhipelassa 12000 years BP, Aligala 5500-4100 years BP can be mentioned as the examples of prehistoric settlement sites. In Sri Lanka, proto historic period dates back between 2500-600 BC. This period is regarded as transitional period when permanent settlement, agriculture, iron usage, pottery industry can be identified as prominent aspects. As archaeological evidences of this period, Red ware 5300 BC and Black and Red ware 3100 BC from Dorawakakanda site, burials from the Pomparippuwa site such as Ranchamadama, Ibbankatuwa, Haldummulla and remains of a foundation of a house from Ranchamadama were found from several excavation. During the excavation at Anuradhapura inner city covering 5 km, it was excavated evidences of pottery usage, agriculture, brick usage of the ancient shelters in Sri Lanka. According to the inscription found from the sites such as Rambukkana, Diyagama, Pokunuwitw and Galapatha, it is clear that ancient settlement in the country prevailed continuously from historic period. According to the archaeological evidences, it is also clear that the ancient settlements of Sri Lanka which was limited by the historical chronicles, have been prevailed in various areas in different periods.Item Recreating pre historic environment based on the spread of land snails and fresh water snails(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sumangala Thero, PahiyangalaSri Lanka has been positioned as a small island in right direction in the Indian subcontinent. There are three major climatic and environmental zones in Sri Lanka including wet zone, dry zone and intermediate zone. Remains of snails found from the pre historic excavations and remains of presently living snails are supportive to identify the climatic differences occurred in more than thousands years ago. Research question of this study are to identify what were the eco system and climatic conditions appeared in ancient Sri Lanka (35000 years before present) and to examine the possibility of recreation of the ancient environment through the excavated remains of the snails. Objective of the study is to identify that how was the basic structure of the ancient environment prevailed in the island in ancient times.Major research method of the study is field observation and the data were collected from the primary sources including field observations carried out at the pre historic sites such as Pahiyangala, Batadombalena and Pothana. Previous researches were also referred as the secondary sources during the research. Remains of land snails were used as the main environmental factors to recreate the ancient environment consisted in ancient Sri Lanka. These snails had been adopted according to the various vegetation types of the Island. It is reported that 253 of land snails species and 94 of fresh water snail species have been found in Sri Lanka. Among them 05 of land snails are endemic to the island. Habitation of the land snails and fresh water snails can be found in the various vegetation types such as low land rain forest, sub Montana / Montana rain forest, dry monsoon forest and cultivated habitats.It has been identified that the snails have been survived at the pre historic cave sites (Fa-hian Cave, Batadomba Cave and Belilena Cave) and open areas 43,000 before present.Living patterns or habitats of these snails are different according to the climatic zones. It is possible to recreate the prehistoric environment through the usage of bio indicator species which are relative to the snail species found in currently. As most of the evidences of the snail remains are recorded from the wet micro habitats, it can be identified that the environmental and climatic condition of the country had not been changed severely. Some of the snail species examined during the research are cyclophorus (land snails), plandomus (fresh water snails) etc.