International Postgraduate Research Conference (IPRC)

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Author: search.filters.author.Senanayake, S.P.Subject: search.filters.subject.Piper

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    Interspecific Relationships of Piper Species in Sri Lanka as Revealed by DNA Barcode ITS
    (Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Jayarathna, N.; Senanayake, S.P.; Rajapakse, S.; Jayasekera, R.; Paranagama, P.A.
    The genus Piper which is the largest genus in the family Piperaceae is economically important as it comprises with valuable crop species as well as several wild species. Although ten species of genus Piper are recorded in Sri Lanka, their interspecific relationships were not well studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine interspecific relationships of Piper species in Sri Lanka using internal transcribed spacers from nuclear ribosomal DNA )ITS(. Ten varieties of Piper nigrum L., two varieties of each P. betle L.and P. longum L., P. chuvya )Miq.( C. DC., P. siriboa L., P. sylvestre Lam., P. walkeri Miq. and P. zeylanicum Miq. were used for the study. The genomic DNA was extracted from tender leaf samples using CTAB method, PCR amplified using ITS primer pair and subjected to DNA sequencing. The DNA sequence alignment analysis was carried out and a dendrogram was constructed using the multiple sequence alignment programme MUSCLE. According to the dendrogram clear formation of two major clusters can be seen and ten P. nigrum varieties were clustered together however, variety Kuching has shown a separation from the main cluster. P. longum, P. walkeri, P. sylvestre, P. siriboa, P. betle, P. chuvya and P. zeylanicum formed the other cluster in which P. siriboa has shared close similarities with P. betle, while P. sylvestre and P. walkeri displayed close relationships and clustered together with P. longum varieties. Interspecific relationships between wild species and cultivated species )P. nigrum, P. betle and P. longum( indicated the potential of using the wild species in breeding programs for crop improvement. However, further studies to reveal genetic and phenetic relatedness of those species are needed to deepen the knowledge on interspecific relationships of Piper species.
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    Qualitative phytochemical analysis and phenetic variation of Piper species in Sri Lanka
    (Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Jayarathna, S.P.N.C.; Senanayake, S.P.; Jayasekera, L.R.
    The genus Piper is represented in Sri Lanka by ten species of which three are endemics. Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) and P. betle L. (betel) are the main crops that make the genus commercially important and some species are used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to reveal the interspecific relationships of selected Piper species based on the variation in qualitative phytochemical screening and phenetic approach. Piper nigrum L., P. betle L., P. longum L., P. chuvya (Miq.) C. DC., P. siriboa L., P. sylvestre Lam. and P. zeylanicum Miq. were collected from natural habitats and from the cultivations. The air dried leaves were powdered using a grinder and subjected to successive extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. All the extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical tests. Anatomical studies were carried out by observing epidermal peels and transverse sections of the fresh leaves and photomicrographs were prepared. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and phenolic compounds in all the species examined. Various types of trichomes, glands and secretory cells were present in the leaves which indicates the richness of secondary metabolites. Fourteen morphological and anatomical characters of leaves were subjected to cluster analysis using PAST software to infer interspecific relationships. According to the phenogram (Single linkage, Euclidean distance), P. longum, P. zeylanicum and P. sylvestre were clustered to one group showing more similarities while P. nigrum, P. chuvya, P. siriboa and P. betle were separated from the rest. Presence of non-glandular trichomes, symmetry of the leaf base and leaf length were the most discriminating characters.