International Postgraduate Research Conference (IPRC)

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Author: search.filters.author.Jayawardena, B.Has files: Yes

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    In Vitro Inhibitory Potentials of Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase in Tricosanthes Dioica, Moringa Oleifera And Averrhoa Carambola
    (Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Jayawardena, B.; Ranasinghe, M.
    In recent times type 2 diabetes has become one of the major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. It is defined as an endocrine and metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). Current studies based on medicinal plants have revealed that phenolic and flavonoids compounds present in plants can inhibit key enzymes such as alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase and offer an effective strategy to control post prandial hyperglycaemia. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory potential of alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase byTricosanthesdioica (Padwal), Moringaoleifera (Murunga)and Averrhoacarambola (Kamaranga). Leaves of Padwal, Murunga and fruits of Kamaranga were sliced, dried, powdered and refluxed with 75% ethanol and fractionated with ethyl acetate. 75% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract and aqueous layers were obtained. Each layer was tested for the total phenolic content and percentage reducing activity. IC50 values of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitions by the extractswere determined using several biochemical assays. Among the three plantsT. dioica 75% ethanol extract had the highest amount of phenolic content (50.88±4.90 mg/g) and the highest reducing power was in A. carambola 75% ethanol extract (710.91±15.62). The most plant extracts showed higher reducing power compared with standard BHT (317.27±19.10). In the determination of IC50 values for alpha amylase, ethyl acetate layer of A. carambola (57.36 ± 16.51 μg/g) showed the lowest value and the highest IC50value was inT. dioica aqueous layer (1225.84±59.57 μg/g). The lowest IC50 value for alpha glucosidasewas observed in M. oleifera (279.84±35.51 ng/g) aqueous layer and the highest value was in the ethyl acetate extract of T. dioica(9.08×105±1.11×104ng/g). In the present study the selected plant materials had high phenolic contents and percentage reducing power. A. carambola ethyl acetate extract is most effective inhibitor for amylase and M. oleifera aqueous layer is effectual inhibitor for glucosidase in vitro among the three plants.
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    Effect of alum in combination with vacuum packaging in extending the shelf life of Embul banana
    (Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Siriwardana, H.L.S.; Abeywickrama, K.P.; Kannangara, S.; Jayawardena, B.
    Crown rot disease is the major post harvest disease in Embul banana causing severe post harvest loss both in terms of quality and quantity. Due to hazardous effects of fungicides, use of eco-friendly methods of controlling crown rot disease are being investigated throughout the world. In this study, efficacy of alum (sodium aluminium sulphate) in combination with vacuum packaging was investigated in extending the shelf life of Embul banana at cold temperature. Approximately 85-day mature Embul banana hands were washed with 1% alum (w/v) solution and control was washed only in water. Treated and control fruits were packed in Low density polyethylene bags, air inside bags were removed using a vacuum and placed in fibre board cartons and stored in a cold room at 12-14 ºC. Each treatment comprised 8 replicate boxes each with 5 hands. In-package gases were analysed on initial day and every seven days thereafter up to 28 days of storage. Physicochemical and sensory properties and crown rot disease severity (CRS) were determined in ripened fruits after each storage period. Medium (50 kg) and large scale (100 kg) test marketing trials were conducted at fruit outlets in Dambulla and Kiribathgoda, Sri lanka by providing treated Embul banana samples to consumers and staff to obtain feedback on the quality of treated banana. Crown rot disease severity was low (CRS index < 1) in alum treated samples compared to control after 28 days. Physicochemical and sensory properties were unaffected by alum+vacuum packaging treatment. Oxygen within packages was maintained between 3.3 - 4.4 % while CO2 % varied between 3.9 - 4.0 %. In medium and large scale test marketing trials, treatment controlled crown rot disease to a fair extent and obtained higher score values from the customers and staff of fruit outlets for the sensory properties compared to control. Therefore, this eco-friendly treatment method could be adopted for effective control of crown rot disease and to extend shelf life of Embul banana up to one month.