Graduate Studies
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Item Sustainable Solutions for Drinking Water Problem in the City of Matara(International Postgraduate Research Conference 2019, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Ranasinghe, W.C.; Sakalasooriya, N.This study emphasizes how to give a sustainable solution for drinking water problems and how to manage water resources in the Matara city using a sustainable water management system. The main objectives of this research are to identify drinking water issues, identify the main causes behind drinking water issues and suggest sustainable ways to protect drinking water resources in Matara Municipal Council Area because it has been the main hub of Development plan of Matara District. A mixed methodology has been applied for the research. Both Primary and secondary data were collected to achieve the research objectives. A questionnaire survey and interviews have been conducted. Beside them, secondary data sources such as maps, institutional data, and previous research reports will be referred for higher accuracy. According to the first part of the research has identified the major issues of drinking water in the City of Matara, The River Nilwala is the main source for the supply of pipe born water for the Matara municipal area. Water is taken for treatment at the intakes of Nadugala, Kadduwa and Balukawala pumping station to the treatment plants at Nadugala and Malimbada and treated in conformity with the prescribed standards. The treated water is then delivered by the storage tanks. Seventeen water tanks supply water to Matara. People who lived in the Matara Municipal Council area they don’t have the volume of water needed for daily consumption. A major aspect of the water crisis in Matara that purified drinking water is used for every kind of water requirement of households. The population growth in the Matara town is expected to increase in the future and the water resources should increase. Clean drinking water is the well-being in terms of health and economy. Ensuring access to clean water service is the first step in eliminating poverty and essential for the overall economic and social development of a country. Therefore in the second step will focus on sustainable solutions for the drinking water issue of the City of MataraItem Sustainability and Sustainable Development: A Discourse Analysis on Understandings and Perspectives of Educated Society Beyond Their Fields of Study(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Isabella, A.A.J.M.; Arathiya, P.; Wanniarachchi, W.S.A.Sustainability and Sustainable development should not always define with incomprehensible terminologies with restricted fields and disciplines. Despite the popularity of Sustainability as a concept in almost all the fields of study, research and debates, only a little is known about the understanding of public especially educated people who deals with it. The understanding cannot be a matter of the fields they belong to but a matter of their general knowledge. “Sustainability” encompasses all the disciplines as the understanding is wide and depends on the crisis in the world. Accordingly, University of Peradeniya is selected to be the locale of study where haphazard (convenience) sampling method is used within each faculty of the university to collect data. Highly qualitative data is collected during the study. The data is analyzed using qualitative technique of critical discourse analyses using Microsoft office Macros and Microsoft office word. “Sustainable” is a word used in most of the literatures on development after the setting of goals for future development by United Nations Organization. 2015 – 2030 is the period for implementing Sustainable Development Goals in order to gain sustainability in all the fields. Thus, sustainability is understood in different ways. The understanding on sustainability and sustainable development of university staff and students is not more than their fields of study. Their discipline influences the way they have understood “Sustainability”. Rather than people who deal with wide range of disciplines others have restricted their understanding while less important is given to the fields with weak connection with sustainability concept. The educated society shows less common understanding thus creating gap in the understanding of less educated general publicItem Issues and Influences Affecting the Global Tourism and Hospitality Industry(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Wijesooriya, T.N.Tourism and hospitality industry have become a pillar of economic growth in modern world and provides an enormous opportunity to achieve the tremendous economic, social, cultural, environmental and heritage value. Major factors that contribute to the variations in the industry can be identified as varying fashions, people’s expectations, technological development, business requirements etc. Being a sensitive industry, global as well as governmental issues and influences alike terrorist attacks, political instability, health pandemics, natural disasters, visa restrictions and tourism policies have affected to the growth of tourism and hospitality industry. Future advancement and success of the industry also depends on recognizing trends such as paid holiday entitlement, disposable income which will drive future lifestyle habits and consumer expectations. Influences from the external factors like cooperate social responsibility, ethical tourism and sustainability also classify as the key factors for the development of the industry. The purpose of the research on “Issues and influences affecting the global tourism and hospitality Industry” is to investigate the current issues and influences in the industry in a systematic way by analyzing it and provide recommendation for improve it for the future expansion. The data of the study is derived from the literature review, document analysis and observation. Practical implication of the study is to explore the issues and influences affecting in the industry within the key titles criterion of the tourism and hospitality industry and ultimately focusing on sustainabilityItem A Proposal for Sustainable Community Development through a Culinary Trail(In: Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2017 (IPRC – 2017), Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Gunasekara, I.This research is focused on design a proposal to develop Sri Lankan community through sustainable tourism approach. Sustainability concept appeals to the development of Sri Lankan economy with the millennium development goals of United Nations. The culture is the prominent factors which can be developed as tourist attraction. In addition, Culinary is a part of the culture of any society. As it is consisted of food preparation techniques, methods, different ingredients, tastes and presenting styles it usually capture the attention of tourists. Since Sri Lanka has diverse sub cultures there is a high diversity of cuisine. The variation in Sri Lankan cuisines have been influenced by geographic and demographic diversity. Taking this factor into account the development of new tourism product which named Sri Lankan Culinary Trail has proposed by the research. This product is based on traditional cuisines and the service providers of this tourism segment are the local community whose benefit is focused on this research. This is an exploratory research which based on primary data collection method where a questionnaire survey carried out for market analysis. The respondents were local people who selected randomly based on Negombo coastal belt. The product will be a prototype implementation plan which can be developed up to national level.Item Sustainability vs Asian Urbanization: Lessons through Space Making at Pola in Sri Lanka(In: Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2017 (IPRC – 2017), Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Liyanage, N.Sustainability is inextricably linked with the urban and will therefore inevitably rely on the life journeys of millions that live in those cities. Further, Mayor of NYC, Bill deBlasio, marking the opening of the summit 'Urban Resilience Summit 2017,‘ said ―Cities are at the forefront of local solutions to the global problems of climate change and inequality‖. World Urbanization Prospects report, ―Today, 54 per-cent of the world‘s population live in urban areas,‖ and ―…[will] increase to 66 per-cent by 2050… [adding] another 2.5 billion people to urban…, with close to 90 percent of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa…‖ However, if Asia (and Africa) is leading the trend of urbanization globally, it is in Asia (and Africa) that the experiments to achieve a sustainable urban future should take place. Cities and the ‗life journeys‘ of diverse urban populations in the global West and South differ in their character, composition, aspirations and soul. Hence, imported spatial-solutions to achieve sustainability makes little to no sense. Perera (2013), argues that ―[to understand the Asian city and development] …the vast terrain of ordinary actors and spaces which are currently left out should be reflected in academic debates and policy decisions, and the local thinking processes that constitute these spaces need to be acknowledged, enabled, and critiqued.‖ Hence the historical and colonial process of importing urban solutions from the global West to solve urban issues in the global south is problematic though the slippery term ‗sustainability‘ continues to mask and justify importation. Exploring the link between sustainability—a Western discourse—and Asian urbanism is an emerging path of inquiry, this paper will first develop a broader understanding of 'sustainability' through a literary survey across sustainability studies, development, urban planning, and draw empirical evidence from social production of space, from an everyday perspective; It aims to show sustainability as something embedded in local ways of development and urbanization as opposed to bureaucratically imported solutions. It will examine the Pola (periodic market in Sri Lanka) focusing on everyday practices of sustainability in 'space making' both physically and socially in contrast to similar operations in a Pola re-developed by the state in the view of achieving urban modernity and sustainability. Building on the author‘s lived-in experience and ethnographic explorations of Pola as support staff to a Pola vendor for 3-months, the paper seeks anew understanding of sustainable-urban-future for fast growing Sri Lankan cities that brings everyday practices of sustainability into the realm of policy making and spatial planning. By creating room for ways in which sustainability is understood and practiced locally the national policies and programs can gain more mileage and authenticity compared to what can be achieved through mere importation of policy and urban solutions.Item Greening the “grey” &“Sustaining the way”(Proceedings of Case Study Synopses ,DBA Case Study Symposium-2017, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Hamangoda, D.R.Insee Cement Lanka is a fully owned subsidiary of Siam City Cement Company, Thailand and it was called Holcim (Lanka) Ltd before it was acquired by Siam City Cement. Insee cement is the only integrated (go through the fully manufacturing process converting limestone into cement) cement manufacturer in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan cement market is highly commoditized and mainly driven by price. There are more than 27 cement brands in the Island, including five main “Branded” players and all others are low priced economy versions. In late 90s company strategically understood the future threats expected from these economy players as the company started losing share for low end brands. As a multinational, Insee always wanted to maintain its “premium-ness” as a leading brand in the market specially in terms of quality and pricing.Cement as a product has so many limitations in brand differentiation. Technical benefits which are used by most cement manufactures are common to almost all cements and everyone tried being differentiated highlighting some of those and customers are confused. Insee brands were always above all brands including its main competitors i:e Tokyo cement and Ultratec cement. When local and international players started to gain the share from the market, Insee (previously known as Holcim) wanted to deploy an enduring strategy to hold and gain share in the long run. The approach was two-folded, one was to have short and midterm plans forfeited with traditional marketing activities. Second approach was to introduce Sustainability Marketing which is also called Green Marketing which can drive the brand in the long run. Cement production process produces lot of emissions to the environment and its contribution to global carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is 5%. Manufacturing of cement utilizes substantial amounts of energy via coal thermal power and electricity. Main raw material used for cement production is limestone and it is heated under very high temperatures to convert limestone into cement. Carbon dioxide is mainly produced in two occasions, one is during the limestone conversion and the second occasion is burning coal to generate heat. Excavation of limestone too contributes to some environmental complications. “Sustainability development” is considered as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their own needs.“Traditional Marketing” activities will make adequate profits for the manufacturer and create consumer satisfaction. However, that approach will not certainly look at long term impacts to the environment and society. “Sustainability marketing” is a new notion in marketing and business, but it is promising to become the game changer. Based on theories of social sustainability, Sustainability marketing seeks to meet the needs of this generation without compromising the future.In late 90s Insee (then known as Holcim Lanka) adopted Sustainability Marketing replacing their “Sanstha” cement formula with a new environmentally friendly blend which is called Portland Limestone cement (PLC). This green product produces substantially low amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and consumes less water in construction process while offering all other technical requirements which cement must produce. More than reducing emissions, green cements consumes certain industrial waste material and at the same time improve the longevity of the limestone reserves as it consumes less limestone. This was nominated as Sri Lanka`s first and only Green Labeled cement. Recently Insee introduced two more sustainable green products called Insee Rapid Flow Plus and Insee Mahaweli Marine Plus. With all these products, Insee drives the Sri Lankan cement market towards the green direction, where the company can easily out beat competition and gain share. It will be extremely difficult for their competitors to gain green status and Insee will use this massive competitive corporate advantage to be ahead of their main competitors. Along with that the Company launched a state-of-art sustainable initiative called Insee Ecocycle (known as Holcim Geocycle before the acquisition). This concept introduced professional waste management systems for industrial and hazardous waste and converted them as alternate fuel for heating the limestone in the cement kiln, where cement clinker is produced. This methodology reduces carbon dioxide emissions in comparison to traditional waste management processes and at the same time these materials will replace coal to a certain extend inside the kiln. This sustainable initiative made Insee cements much greener. Insee launched many programs to propagate the concept called “Green Building” or “Sustainable Construction”. These will help to reduce the global carbon footprint to a greater scale as lot of construction is going on in line with current rapid urbanization. The company started many projects to promote sustainable construction and usage of green products starting from construction craftsmen level to university professor level. Insee has many professional tie-ups with industry stakeholders to promote green construction. While activating all such green initiatives, Insee made sure to give more visibility to their green cements which are essential for sustainable constructions. The company uses key industry figures to introduce these products and concepts thus Insee is becoming one of most respected players in the industry. As the Company completely rehabilitates the escalated quarry and rescues all animals during the process, environmental impact is virtually zero. Not only in manufacturing but in inbound logistics too the Company uses creative sustainable avenues to minimize the carbon footprint to the environment. At the same time Insee in the mission of promoting other cement related building products, which will bring Insee image more greener and making an impact on sales. Marketing and Sustainable development departments of the company makes sure all such products and initiatives are professional communicated and marketed among and all stakeholder groups. There are three intentions behind Insee`s green marketing strategy, one is to position Insee products as green/sustainable product in order to generate some differentiation against competitors. We can define that as “generating Green Equity” around the Insee brand. Because no competitor has entered in to that market space yet and that will obviously create a unique competitive advantage in the medium and long run. Growing the green building market in order to get the highest share via their green products is the second objective in Insee`s Sustainability marketing strategy. The third objective, Insee capitalizes its green agenda to generate “Corporate Brand Equity” to position Insee as a superior socially responsible corporate brand. These help the company to achieve lot of corporate objectives and get lots of industry approvals to boost cement volumes. After all these efforts Insee maintains a very dominant position in the Sri Lankan cement market being the most high-priced cement. Through this Sustainability marketing strategy company is making sustainable construction a “must to have” with heavy stakeholder involvement. With this,Insee creates its future markets in which the Company has its ready-made green cement portfolio. While doing that, Insee never neglects even a single stakeholder group in the industry as they invest a lot to make contacts in all possible touch points with its green message. This approach is creating a huge barrier for competitors to conquer and makes an unbelievable competitive advantage and customer loyalty to promote Insee.