Symposia and Conferences
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/151
Browse
5 results
Search Results
Item Cadmium, Chromium and Lead Burden in Cooked Rice in Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) Prevalent Areas(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Fernando, T.D.; Arachchige, Y.L.N.M.; Jayawardena, B.M.Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a serious health problem in Sri Lanka since the 19th century. Still there is no permanent remedy for this problem. Madawachchiya is the area with highest number of CKDu patients and in this area people have stopped drinking well water as a precaution but they continue to use well water for cooking purposes. Heavy metals are among the suspected causes for CKDu. Heavy metal burden in rice may be increased when polluted water is used for cooking. However, studies have not been conducted to investigate the heavy metals fluctuation during cooking process in this area. Milled rice samples of BG 300 and well water used for cooking were collected from each area. Those collected rice samples were cooked traditionally. Samples were analyzed to determine the selected three heavy metal concentrations (Cadmium, Lead and Chromium). In this area 16% of raw rice samples contained high levels of Lead and 29% percent of raw rice samples contained high levels of Chromium which were higher than the maximum permissible level (MPL) recommended by the FAO/WHO (Codex Alimentarius). The Cadmium contents of all rice samples were less than MPL. But 45% percent of water samples had exceeded the Sri Lankan Standards (SLS) recommended level for Cadmium and thirteen percent of samples had exceeded SLS recommended levels for Chromium. But none of sample had exceeded the WHO recommended levels of Cadmium, Lead and Chromium. There was no significant change in Lead content during the cooking process (p>0.05), but Cadmium and Chromium were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The mean contents of Cadmium, Lead and Chromium in cooked rice samples were 0.057±0.031 mg/kg, 0.13±0.09 mg/kg and 0.77±0.211 mg/kg respectively. Even though having elevated levels of Chromium and Lead in raw rice samples and elevated levels of Cadmium and Lead in water used for cooking, those heavy metal concentrations of cooked rice were lower than the maximum permissible levels recommended by the FAO/WHO. Using well water for cooking purposes in Madawachchiya area has not increased the Cadmium, Lead and Chromium levels in cooked rice. To recommend using well water for cooking purposes further analyzing of other parameters in cooked rice is requiredItem Thermal stability of phenolic compounds in coconut cake and its stabilizing effect on stripped sunflower oil(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Prasadani, W.C.; Jayawardena, B.M.; Seneviratne, K.N.Coconut cake possesses phenolic compounds which are antioxidatively active in chemical and food model systems. However, the thermal stability of these phenolic compounds has not yet been investigated. In this study, the thermal stability of phenolic compounds in coconut cake (PCCC) was compared with that of synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and tert butyl hydroxy quinone (TBHQ) using two food model systems. PCCC were extracted using ethanol:water (70:30 v/v) and the phenolic concentration was determined using the Folin-Dennis method. Thermal stability was tested by heating PCCC and other synthetic antioxidants at 180 oC up to two hours. In 30 min intervals, the activity of heated antioxidants were tested by evaluating their ability to inhibit thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in egg yolk emulsion (EYEM). The percentage inhibition of TBARS formation was calculated against a control EYEM sample prepared without added antioxidants. Protective effect of antioxidants on stripped sunflower oil (SSO) was also evaluated. For this purpose, PCCC and synthetic antioxidants were heat treated at 180 oC for two hours and these antioxidants were incorporated into SSO. The induction time (IT) of SSO was determined at 100 oC in the Rancimat apparatus. The percentage inhibition of TBARS formation in EYEM by BHT, BHA, TBHQ and PCCC decreased with heating time and the percentage inhibition of all antioxidants decreased below 40 % after two hours of heating at 180 C. However, at 30 min of heating, inhibition percentage of TBARS formation by PCCC (72±4 %) and TBHQ (68±2 %) is considerably higher compared to BHT (54±2 %) and BHA (42±2%). The IT of SSO varied in the order, control (1.85±0.14 h) < BHT (2.06±0.08 h) < BHA (2.14±0.06 h) < PCCC (2.18±0.03 h) < TBHQ (2.44±0.10 h). The results of these experiments suggest that PCCC can be used to stabilize foods under high temperature cooking conditions.Item Antioxidant activities of phenolic extracts of guava leaf, coconut cake, rice bran and sesame cake obtained using subcritical water and ethanol: water (70:30 v/v)(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Senanayake, C.M.; Jayawardena, B.M.; Senavirathne, K.N.Item De-acidification effects of rice hull-based adsorbents as affected by thermal treatment(Book of Abstracts, Annual Research Symposium 2014, 2014) Mallawaarachchi, M.U.W.; Jayawardena, B.M.Desiccated copra mills generate larger volumes of coconut water. Disposing it is an environmental problem due to high organic load. Production of coconut crude oil is a remedy but high free fatty acid content which is approximately ten times higher than commercial coconut oil and the dark brownish colour limited its� uses only to soap-making industry. The scope of this study is to identify a remedial action to reduce the free fatty acid content of coconut crude oil using rice hull ash (RHA) and rice hull silica (RHS) which will improve the quality of the oil.Item Efficacy of phenolic compounds of coconut cake on oxidative stability of pork(Book of Abstracts, Annual Research Symposium 2014, 2014) Prasadani, W.C.; Seneviratne, N.A.K.P.J.; Jayawardena, B.M.Antioxidant efficacy of different concentrations of phenolic compounds of coconut cake (PCCC) was determined using pork as a food model system. The extracts of PCCC were prepared using ethanol: water (70:30 v/v) and the antioxidant activity of the extracts on formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was evaluated using a spectrophotometric method. Malondialdehyde, a secondary product of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids reacts with thiobarbituric acid and yield a pinkish red chromogen with an absorbance maximum at 532 nm. The effect of PCCC at 50, 100 and 200 ?g/g meat was compared with that of butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) 200 ?g/ g and tert butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ) 200 ?g/ g. The extracts were effective in inhibiting the oxidation of pork in comparison with the control with no added phenolic extracts which showed the highest TBARS values during the storage period. At the end of day 5 of storage the inhibition percentage of TBARS are 26 � 9, 35� 7, 54� 4, 54� 4 and 56� 5 for TBHQ, BHT, PCCC 50, PCCC 100 and PCCC 200 respectively. PCCC were effective in suppressing the formation of TBARS in the employed system and their activity is higher than that of BHT and TBHQ. Coconut cake may be considered as a cheap potential source of phenolic compounds effective in stabilizing lipid foods.