Symposia & Conferences
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Item A Blockchain-based decentralized system to ensure the transparency of organic food supply chain(IEEE International Research Conference on Smart computing & Systems Engineering (SCSE) 2019, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Basnayake, B. M. A .L.; Rajapakse, C.Low quality agricultural products are added to the market daily. Over usage of chemicals in the production process, use of uncertified chemicals and mechanisms for preservation and ripening processes, are the major issues that impact on agricultural product’s quality as well as overall health of the consumers. Mechanisms to identify the quality of the agricultural products are highly demanded due to the lack of transparency in the current process. Blockchain technology is emerging as a decentralized and secure infrastructure which can replace involvement of a third party to verify the transactions within the system. The purpose of the research was to implement a Blockchain based solution to verify the food quality and the origin of the agricultural supply chain. A public Blockchain concept was selected instead of a private Blockchain in this study to ensure transparency by allowing any person to access the network. Instances of the smart contract were created for each physical product and deployed to Blockchain network. A Quick Response code which contained the address of the instance, was a reference to the virtual product. All the actors who are involved in the supply chain must be able to interact with the system to achieve the transparency. Each transaction and events related to a product is validated by peers of the Blockchain system. Product ownership was changed for each relevant transaction. A token-based mechanism was used to indicate the farmers’ reputation with their products. Farmers could place a certification request regarding their products and, they can gain reputation tokens for each certification done by peers. A unique Quick Response code was used to identify each product within the supply chain. The proposed system has been implemented as a prototype and validated within the studyItem Blockchain based solution for Sri Lankan agricultural supply chain to ensure food security(Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018 Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Basnayake, B. M. A. L.; Rajapakse, R. A. C. P.Low quality agricultural products are added to the market daily. Overuse of chemicals in the production process, using uncertified chemicals and mechanisms for preservation and ripening processes, are the major issues with an impact on agricultural product’s quality as well as overall health of the consumers. Mechanisms for identifying the quality of the agricultural products are highly demanded due to the lack of transparency in the current process. A crowd-based decentralized certification system is required instead of a central authority to certify the products. Blockchain technology is emerging as a decentralized and secure infrastructure which can replace involvement of a third party to verify the transactions within the system. The purpose of the research is to implement a blockchain based solution to verify the food quality and the origin of the agricultural supply chain. The data on the transactions, existing certification process, actors and their roles within the Sri Lankan agricultural supply chain context were identified and collected through self-experience and related institutes. The Agricultural department's Good Agricultural Practice certification process was studied to get data on the existing certification process. Furthermore, Hector Kobbakaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute’s publications were used to gather data on local food supply chain. All the actors who are engaged with the supply chain must be able to interact with the system to achieve the goal. Each transaction and events related to a product is validated by peers of the blockchain system. Product ownership is changed for each relevant transaction. A token-based mechanism is used to indicate the farmers’ reputation with their products. Farmers can place a certification request regarding their products and, they can be gained reputation tokens for each certification done by peers. A unique Quick Response (QR) code is used to identify each product container or package. In each step of the supply chain, the QR code is used to validate physical product with the virtual product. Consumers will be able to ensure the origin and the quality of each product by scanning the QR Code, with the mobile application. The proposed system will be implemented, following a systematic review of a literature as well as a series of interviews with stakeholders, as a prototype on a private blockchain and validated with the involvement of real users to arrive at conclusions.Item Systems engineering approach to smart computing: From farmer empowerment to achieving sustainable development goals(International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering - SCSE 2018, 2018) Ginige, A.Smart Computing aims to combine advances in Information and Communication Technologies to create smart systems to make human life better thus, providing a new approach to address many complex and challenging problems faced today by humanity. The study developed a solution to one such problem, uncoordinated agriculture production using Smart Computing which otherwise will lead to wide fluctuation of market prices, waste and farmers getting trapped into a poverty cycle. This was done using a bottom up approach. Using systems thinking in Systems Engineering and the insights gained from the bottom up approach the study derived a top-down approach as a way of guiding the process to solve other similar humanitarian challenges. The evolved top-down process consist of 3 broad steps; a) Root Cause analysis and development of a conceptual solution drawing on learnings from multiple disciplines, b) Development of an artefact based on Smart Computing technologies to implement the conceptual solution, and c) Development of a Closed Loop Control system to continuously monitor and manage the inputs identified in the conceptual solution using the artefact developed to achieve the desired outputs.Item Effective information sharing and integration to enhance performance of fresh produce supply chains: A systematic review of literature.(International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, 2017 Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Weeabahu, W. M. S. K.Effective information sharing and integration are enablers of supply chain integration and have become a major driver of supply chain performance improvement. Agricultural supply chains involve larger number of stakeholders including, private sector, logistics partners, and regulatory bodies. From mud to mouth, multiple supply chain player’s information requirement varies through supply chain processes. The lack of information sharing and integration among supply chain players, result in inefficiency in the supply chain processes. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the literature on effective information sharing and integration in the fresh produce supply chains for performance enhancement. In defining the scope of the study mainly fresh fruits and vegetable supply chain related literature is considered for the review. A comprehensive systematic review of existing literature specifically focusing on the supply chain information flow and supply chain performance is carried out to identify supply chain players’ information network and their various information needs. In most research studies, information integration has been viewed as information sharing and collaborative planning among supply chain entities using information and communication, technology. Even though the relationship between effective information integration and supply chain performance is not clearly examined, various studies have recognized the presence of a tacit relationship. Effective information flow from upstream to downstream as well as downstream to upstream with fresh produce supply chain entities affect the performance of supply chain. Some of the past research studies highlighted the importance of analyzing and validating exact information needs of the supply chain entities for effective supply chain performance. These findings of the study are useful for policymakers in formulating supply chain performance improvement strategies and for practitioners to understand the supply chain players’ information specific needs and network for supply chain performance improvement.