International Conference on Sanskrit Studies (ICSS)
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Item An Analytical Study of the Yogic Caturvyūha in the Yoga-Sūtra(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Ven. Da XingIn Yoga tradition, the fundamental theory and practice adopts logic matrix as the Four Realities (caturvyūha) to discover problem and solve issues effectively. According to Yoga philosophy, the Yoga theories based on the discoveries made by the ancient thinkers from generation to generation which is refer to the teachings of Vedas, Brāhmaṇas, Āraṇyakas and Sāṃkhya darśana. Amongst them, Yoga was taken on various Sāṃkhic philosophies such as the theory of Triguṇa, Caturvyūha and Pañcaviṃśatitattva to establishment of own system. In point of fact, the term of the Caturvyūha which does not directly mentioned as generic word in the Yoga-Sūtra, but some inference forms and methods as Heya, Heyahetu, Hāna and Hāna-upāya appeared like causality condition through logical formula to analysis by the synthesis of four-factor model - the avoidance of suffering, remove the origin of suffering; cessation of suffering and the means leading to the cessation of suffering. In fact, this formula considered as the logical methodology and metaphysics that can be expounded with truths in the Yoga- Sūtra. In this connection, this logical distribution gives important information and evidence which indicate that discover the problems and solve the issues can be phased array in the model of orderly arrangement (vyūha), and this instruction is thus established by logical deduction to closed or understood yogic causality with the Four Realities, viz. the first three as philosophy and the last one as practice. In other words, the first two can be set as discover the problems while the last two as solve the issues. Accordingly, it is also found in this study that the theory and practice of the Caturvyūha are interconnected as the cause and effect to ascertaining the suffering and its ending in this systematic pattern. Therefore, an objective of this research is to make an analytical study of the Caturvyūha to understanding the philosophy and practice for formulated into a logical speculative arrangement and designed guide practitioners to eliminate the Kleśa, free from Duḥkha and end of Saṃsāra. And so, we note that the Four-Factor Formula can be improved by interdependence which also exists with the condition of reduplicative causality to realizing the yogic realities for attaining the Mokṣa.Item A Rediscovery of the Connotative Trimūla in Patañjali’s Yoga-Sūtra(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Ven. Da XingAccording to Indian Yoga history, Yoga was originated from the Indus Valley Civilization that the practice had been adopted for the enhancement of physical condition, mental training and spiritual development of ancient sages, and since then the path of Yoga has spread throughout the world in the modern society.Inthe Yogadarśana, the theory of Yoga was descended fromthe Indian Brāhmaṇa and Śramaṇatraditionsconventionally. Among them, especially, Yoga is built on a fundamental of Sāṃkhya philosophy with the practice of the Eightfold Path (Skt.aṣṭāṅgayoga). As it is well known thatthe system of causation which is known as the Cause of the Effect Pre–existence (satkāryavāda) associatethe Four Realities (caturvyūha) with the Three Characteristics of Essence (triguṇa)from the evolution (utpatti) of the Pañcaviṃśatitattva tod evolution way(pralaya) for tracing back to the Prakṛti and finally attaining theoriginal state of isolation (kaivalya) to the end of suffering and the cycle of rebirth. But then the only theistic concept which is also known as theistic Yoga (seśvarasāṃkhya) and reflect on the Three Eternal Attributes (trimūla) as Eternal Dogma (sanātana-dharma) differs from atheistic Sāṃkhya (nirīśvarasāṃkhya) because it is inherited from theBrāhmaṇa tradition. In fact, the Eternal Dogma revealed with the Three Eternal Attributes are absolute qualities and essences known as Satcitānanda that implied the Absolute Existence (sat) as Permanence(nitya), Eternal Consciousness (cit)as Purified Soul (ātma) and Ultimate Bliss (ānanda) as Oneness (yoga) which is meant the Purified Soul merge with the Omniscienceto get the discriminative knowledge (vivekakhyati) for eradicated efilement (kleśā)or the Cessation of Mental Fluctuation (cittavṛttinirodha)and give assistance to yogis release from Duḥkha and Saṃsāraand achieve the Absorption of the Dharma-cloud (dharmameghasamādhi) which is also known as the Unification of Individual Soul with Universal Soul as the final goal of salvation.The purpose of this research is to rediscover of the connotative Trimūlaas primary conceptual theories and terminologies are formulated into a logical philosophical structure and designed in order to help practitioners proper understand and perform the spiritual development with realities.