The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/18713
Browse
7 results
Search Results
Item Transportation of Elephants & Tuskers(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Peiris, S.N.Elephant is the largest creature living on the land of the planet earth. There is a very long history when considering the relationship between elephant and human being. This study is based on the methods used in transporting elephants from the past to present. There are three main methods as by ships, by foot, and by trucks. Since the time of Anuradhapura kingdom to the British era, elephants were transported to foreign countries by ships for selling purposes and as well as presents for the royals. However, since transporting elephants by ships is not applicable with regard to the transportation on land, this research paper is mainly focused on transporting elephants by foot and by trucks. Primary and secondary sources studying methods have been used as the study methods in preparing this research paper.Item Laws, regulations and customs related to land transportation in Sri Lanka(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Randilini, K.A.S.The paper based on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture would be mainly focused on Railways, Tramway as well as vehicles during the last century of Sri Lanka. The legislative enactments of Ceylon indicate lots of paths in Land Transportation. When we are focusing on Railways the Governor used to appoint a person who should take care of duties and responsibilities pertaining to Railways monitoring. Hence, during the paper, the duties of this appointed officer, passenger duties and responsibilities, fare charges, the Government’s role in this as well as penalty and Carrying Goods and parcels. Under Tramways, the promoters, from time to time for the purpose of making, forming, laying down, maintain and renewing, any tramway duly proclaimed and in part or parts thereof respectively, may open or break up a road, subject to lots of legislations. Tramways were used in a huge scale and it has a vast period of time in Sri Lankan Transportation history. The legal legislations pertaining to Tramways were also indicated in the early historical records. During the abstract, these scenarios would be evidently portrayed. The legislations enactments based on Vehicles have been focused on in this paper as well. Licensing of vehicles, Governor’s role in Vehicles legislation, liabilities of owners of vehicles, delivery of Goods, Offences would be some of the key points in the subject of vehicles. Hence, we believe that this focus on Land Transportation would be highly pivotal in order to get a crystal clear idea. Hence, the heritage of Land Transportation is pivotal enough to get an idea about Sri Lankan land transportation techniques and legislations. Cultural perspectives pertaining to Laws, regulations and customs related to land transportation also would be focused during the research of Vehicles, Tramways and Railways.Item Bulls, Bullocks and Bullock-Carts: Masculinity, Transport and Trade in Protohistoric and Historic South Asia(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Dalal, K.F.; Raghavan, R.G.Ever since the domestication of Bos indicus, the prime means of transportation and traction, and therefore the bulwark of carriage, haulage and transshipment of goods during the Protohistoric and Historic Periods in South Asia has been the humble bullock-cart. This paper deals with its representations as seen from the Art and associated archaeological data of these periods. In addition, we look at the representations of the animals themselves, either as stud bulls (सससस) or the humbler bullocks (ससस). We will also look at the portrayal of bulls as symbols of masculinity, as seen in cultural expressions such as Jallikattu, of bullocks as symbols of fallen status and bondage and of bullocks unhitched from their carts as the soul freed from its mortal corpse. Expressions of human masculinity, through bullock-cart racing in the Deccan will also be looked into. This paper attempts to trace the journey of this mode of transportation though the various different depictions of bulls, bullocks and bullock-carts from Protohistory and History making a case for its origins, evolution, adaptation and use, including approximations of freightage. At the same time, it looks at the various cultural connotations of bulls, bullocks and bullock-carts in literature ancient and modern.What is most surprising is that though this was the prime mode of transportation in these periods and that its use was spread over almost the entire landmass of South Asia, it is not very often seen represented in contemporary art and its very ‘common’ nature has almost made it invisible to students of South Asian Art History.Item Chumadutangi (Load Bearing Stone) and Pedestrian Transportation in Kerala, India(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Sasidharan, A.G.Chumadutangi (Load Bearing Stone) is a bulky stone bench like structure used for supporting the weight of head loads while transporting from one place to another. They were constructed for the comfort of the pedestrian load bearers who carry heavy loads for longer distances. These are unique structures erected in Kerala where the landscape is undulated in most of the places and where vehicle transportation was difficult. These structures are widely seen in the hinterlands of Kerala. Many of the chumadutangi bear inscriptions mentioning the sponsor’s name, place name and other details. Chumadutangi are often associated with other amenities like vazhiyambalam (wayside shelters), tottikkal (stone troughs) and kinar (well). These are significant evidences in tracing the trade routes and understanding the role of hinterlands in supplying various goods to the markets and other larger trade centres in Kerala and vice versa. This paper discusses about the distribution pattern and regional variations of chumadutangi in Kerala and their role in movement of goods during the medieval period.Item Tale of the Colombo-Kandy Road (A1) construction: beside travelling and transportation(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Samaratunga, I.The subjected road of this study is called Colombo-Kandy A1, which was an alternative to the early Colombo-Kandy route which passes through Hanwella, Ruwanwella and Balana. After defeating the Uva-Wellassa uprising in 1818; the Governor of the Ceylon Lieutenant General Sir Edward Barns determined to construct a road (Colombo-Kandy A1) from the capital city of the country to the newly conquered up country.The objective of this research was to explore the impact of Colombo-Kandy A1 road in the formation of Socio-economic condition of Sri Lanka from 1820 to 1840. The study revolved around major contributors of the construction process and subsequent uses of the road as an instrument for socio-economic upward mobility. The research problem was “what were the impacts of the road construction to the socio-economy of the country other than its obvious functionality of travelling and transportation”. Predominantly, data was collected using maps, autobiographies, biographies and travelers’ diaries written in the 19th Century. Further, books and papers published on the British Colonial period of Sri Lanka have been referred. It was identified that under the visionary guidance of the Governor of the Ceylon, four other personals namely, Lieutenant General John Fraser (1790-1862), Don Solomon Dias Bandaranayaike (1774-1859), Thomas Skinner (1804-1877) and Captain Dowson (?-1829) led the road construction. It is observed that these officers contributed for the construction through their different capabilities, eventually the local leader could establish as one of most influential political families of the country. In 1830s the first ever road constructed by the British in the Ceylon became an instrument of socio-economic upliftment for other social classes in the low country. There were six bridges along the newly constructed Colombo-Kandy road. Toll rents and Tavern income at those locations became a source of prosperity for the rising class. In Conclusion, A1 road not only connected two geo-locations; but also confronted communities and provided opportunities for socio-economic upward mobility.Item Socio-cultural Impact of advent of Metro on Street Scenario of Bengaluru(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Kumar, V.Guttierrez remarks, the socio-cultural transformation is a great happening and a reality that is necessary and inevitable part of urban transformation. This happening only varies in degrees depending on the pace of change. Change is an unchangeable phenomenon of society. Webster Dictionary explains, “socio-cultural - relating to, or involving a combination of social and cultural factors”. Sociologists define sociology as a scientific study of human society and social behavior. Sociologists view of culture includes religion, art, philosophy, literature, music, dance, etc. which brings satisfaction and pleasure to many. It is the expression of final aspects of life. The current modern Indian culture is a cultural assimilation due to migration to cities and is a mix of evolved ancient cultures brought through village immigrants and profound influence of the west through multinational exposure, which has been well talked about by sociologists like MSA Rao and MN Srinivas. One of the means of infrastructure development or progress of a city is through transport systems. The means adopted to ease out the traffic congestion in a city is by making transportation people and environment friendly which is Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS). This study would encompass Socio-cultural aspects and urban transformation with respect to city dynamics, retail evolution and changing lifestyle in suburbs of Bengaluru with the advent of metro. The objective of this study is to study the Social transformation due to socio-psychological change of the space and socio-cultural life due to urban physical development. A reference study taken is of Delhi metro and its impact, which changed the suburb of Dwaraka. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been used to undertake this exploratory research. Observations and interviews have also been conducted apart from surveys done to understand user, shopkeepers and people in vicinity of metro stations.Item Kolkata’s Tram- Running Heritage Vehicle in Indian Transport System: The Museum Implanted for the Preservation and Conservation of Vintage Vehicle(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Das, P.We have seen Kolkata’s Tram has its own heritage in this world. But, today’s Kolkata is not the same as earlier Kolkata. After the 17th century to pre-independent era of India as well as Calcutta, a lot of foreign communities settled in Calcutta. But after 1757, East India Company came to India and administrative control. That time Calcutta was the capital of British India. Now in Calcutta a system of transformation developed by the British. During that period, lot of Jamindari families tried to continue the British administration. Gradually various types of art and sculpture grew in that era. By the end of 18th century, a new transport system depended upon palanquin, horse riding etc, but during that period, British Government started spreading the transport system widely. They established Tramways steam engine in 1873. Now, the tramways transport system is still going on Kolkata’s road. It is one of the running heritages in India. This transport system has crossed 144 years. The Tramway is a unique heritage to carry on our oldest memorable memory of transportation which we have forwarded to our next generation. The tram is the only vehicle which was established at Calcutta in India. When it was started, it was a non-electrical vehicle. Kolkata’s tram played an invaluable role in Kolkata’s transport system. Almost 144 years later it still survives and is providing its service for the citizens of Kolkata. Today we have seen that other vehicles also play a role in the transport system. Nowadays, Kolkata‘s tram compelled to compete with the other vehicles. But tramways want to protect their vintage heritage. In present day, Kolkata tram included Calcutta Tramways Corporation who wants to preserve their vintage locomotive heritage. So, they have created a museum in tramways vehicle, which is called ‘Smaranika’. These details will be discussed at a later stage. The tram museum needs proper preservation and conservation. Museum creates a museum environment for the living heritage which lives forever. Researcher deeply believed that if we need to take a few proper steps for the development and up gradation for these vintage vehicles. Researcher hopes that it will be running forever. So, Kolkata’s tram is very nostalgic part of their city. Without Tramways system is Kolkata’s symbol known pale. After the full paper researcher will discuss this elaborately.