Conference Papers
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This collection contains abstracts of conference papers, presented at local and international conferences by the staff of the Faculty of Medicine
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Item Prevalence of functional constipation in infants and toddlers in Sri Lanka.(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Walter, H.A.; Hovenkamp, A.; Rajindrajith, S.; Devanarayana, N.M.; Rajapakshe, N.N.; Benninga, M.A.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) in toddlers in Sri Lanka and to identify risk factors associated with the development of FC, such as demographic features, social and economic factors. METHODS: Children between 7 months and 5 years of age were selected from 14 well baby and vaccination clinics in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the child's bowel habits, socio-demographic characteristics as well as physical and verbal violence against mother and/or child. Functional constipation was diagnosed according to ROMEIII criteria. RESULTS: A total of 1151 toddlers were included in the analysis, (female n = 588 [50,8%], mean age 21,7 months, standard deviation [SD] 12,5 months). A total of, 92 children (8,0%) fulfilled the Rome III criteria for FC. The prevalence of constipation was significantly and independently associated with first birth order (9,6% vs. 6,5% p = 0,026), underweight [<2SD] (15,0% vs. 7,1%, p = 0,004) and living in an urban residence (9,5% vs. 5,8%, p = 0,023). Odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] are were respectively 1,61 (CI; 1,02-2,53), 2,53 (CI; 1,45-4,41), 1,70 (CI; 1,08-2,69). Toddlers being overweight, being subject to violence or with mothers subject to violence illustrated higher prevalence of FC, but p-values were >0,05. No association was found with gender, age, parental age, parental education level, shortage in income and quality of relationship between parents. CONCLUSIONS: Functional constipation is a significant health problem in toddlers in Sri Lanka, concerning 8 percent of its population between 7 months and 5 years old. Toddlers being first born, underweight and living in an urban area show a significant higher risk for FC.Item Bowel habits in Sri Lankan infants and toddlers, a population based study.(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Walter, H.A.; Hovenkamp, A.; Rajindrajith, S.; Devanarayana, N.M.; Benninga, M.A.OBJECTIVE: To obtain knowledge about bowel habits in healthy population of infants and toddlers in Sri Lanka. METHODS: We selected healthy children between 7 months and 5 years of age who visited vaccination and weighing clinics. To achieve data we used a self-administered questionnaire about the child's bowel habits during the previous two months. All subjects were selected in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. Only those without defecation disorders were used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 879 toddlers were eligible for analysis, (female n = 442 [50,3%], mean age 21,7 months, standard deviation [SD] 12,5 months). Of them, 595 (69,6%) defecated once a day, 20 (2,3%) had defecation >3/week and 6 (0,7%) <3/week. Stool consistency was hard or very hard in 30 (3,4%), 665 (78,9%) had smooth and soft stool and 107 (12,2%) had varying consistency. Straining and painful stool were reported in 560 (64,7%) respectively 194 (23%) of the sample, stool holding was present in 93 (10,8%) and 44 (4,9%) passed blood with the stool. No children reported fecal incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data on normal bowel habits of Sri Lankan toddlers and infants. Bowel habits and disorders related to defecation in Sri Lankan toddlers and children differ from those living in the West probably due to dietary, genetic and environmental variationsItem Developing a tool to screen for disability among pre-school children: preliminary results(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2014) Perera, K.M.N.; Wijerathne, L.; Jayasinghe, C.; Kasturiratne, A.; Hettiarachchi, S.; Fonseka, R.; Jayasena, B.N.; Siriwardhena, D.; Godamunne, P.; Dahanayake, W.; Pathmeswaran, A.; Wickremasinghe, A.R.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a tool that can be used by pre-school teachers to identify disabilities in the pre-school age group. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team was formed and the initial tool was developed^ Consensual validity was achieved by using nominal group technique and the tool was pre-tested in the Ragama MOH area. To assure criterion validity, the tool was used to screen all the children in the pre-school age group (2-5 years) in an MOH area randomly selected from the Anuradhapura District. The screened positives .were referred to an expert panel for confirmation of diagnosis and follow-up if required. RESULTS: Thousand nine hundred children were invited for screening and 1536 participated (478 2-3 years, 495 3-years, 560 > 4 years of age) and 267 (17.4%) were referred to the expert panel. Out of the referrals, majority (38.9%) had multiple disabilities. Hearing and speech difficulties were seen in (29.6%). Psycho social problems (11.6%), disabilities and other diseases (19.8%) accounted for the rest. The response rate for confirmation by experts was 64%. The predictive value of a positive test was 79.5%. The prevalence of disabilities among the screened pre-school age group was 88 per 1000 (95% Cl= 74 to 103). CONCLUSIONS: This tool can be used to screen children in the pre-school age for disabilities.