IRSPAS 2018

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    Assessment of hardness and selected anion contents of well water in Mahadivulwewa and Puhudivula grama niladari divisions in Madawachchiya divisional secretariat area
    (Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018 Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Fernando, T. D.; Mathota-Arachchige, Y. L. N.
    Mahadivulwewa and Puhudivula grama niladari (GN) divisions of Madawachchiya divisional secretariat area are highly influenced by agricultural practices. These areas have reported the highest number of CKDu patients. People in these GN divisions have colonized as isolated villages. Therefore, in our study we have selected 10 sites in Mahadivulwewa and Puhudivula representing all villages to analyze the current situation of water quality in those areas. The Calcium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulphate, alkalinity, hardness conductivity, salinity and TDS levels were measured according to American Public Health Association (APHA) standards. Results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The Calcium level ranged between 17.30 - 101.35 mg/L and Magnesium level ranged between 4 - 102 mg/L. Fluoride (F-), Nitrate (NO3-), Nitrite (NO2-) and Sulphate (SO42-) levels ranged between 0.02 - 4.3 mg/L, 0 - 8 mg/L, 0.1 - 9.3 mg/L and 4 - 98 mg/L respectively. Alkalinity and hardness levels ranged between 20-250 CaCO3 (mg/L) and 59.7 - 608.9 CaCO3 (mg/L) respectively. With respect to Magnesium, Fluoride, hardness and alkalinity, water samples had exceeded SLS recommended levels by 66.7%, 51.7%, 71.2% and 2.6%, respectively. No water sample had exceeded the SLS recommended levels for NO3-, NO2- and SO42-. Even though there is no significant difference (P >0.05) with respect to above parameters between the sites, there was a slightly low conductivity levels in one site (with the highest percentage of CKDu patients) compared to the other sites. According to these results higher percentages of wells in these areas are not suitable for drinking purposes.
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    Isolation of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. from ground and surface water in the lower part of the Kelani river basin: evaluation of resistance against selected antibiotics
    (2018) Abinaiyan, I.; Mahagamage, M.G.Y.L.; Manage, P.M.
    In recent years, greater attention has been paid by national and international agencies on microbial contamination of ground and surface water sources. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat emerging infectious diseases due to anthropological activities. Improper application of antibiotics both in human and animal therapy has become the main cause of antibiotic resistance. The Kelani River Basin (KRB) is the home to more than 25% of the Sri Lankan population and it provides about 80% of the drinking water to Greater Colombo. Thus, evaluation of the microbiological status along with antibiotic resistance is important to safeguard consumers within the KRB. Therefore, twenty ground and twenty surface water samples were collected from a lower part of KRB for the study during March 2018. Water temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH and conductivity were measured at the site itself using standard meters and N-NO3−, N-NO2−, N-NH3, Total Phosphate (TP), COD and Total Hardness (TH) were measured by following standard spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods. Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) counts were obtained from membrane filtration methods where Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were isolated and identified according to the WHO standard protocol. Antibiotic resistance of the isolated Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were obtained using Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST) following Agar Disk Diffusion Method (ADDM) for some selected antibiotics by commercially available AST disk. Resistant strains were subjected to Broth Microdilution Assay (BMA) to find Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC). All the tested general water quality parameters were within the SLSI drinking water standard except pH and COD. It was found that; out of 40 samples, 39 were contaminated with TC and FC and 39 samples exceeded the bacteriological standards given by SLSI drinking water standards. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were recorded in a groundwater sample located in Pattipola where poor sanitation practices were observed. Another sampling location in Kanampella, Shigella spp. was recorded. AST results of the study revealed that the Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were resistant to 10 µg/disk of Amoxicillin (AMX) and Ampicillin (AMP). The BMA indicates that MICs of the isolated strains against AMX and AMP were up to 70 µg/mL. Accordingly, treatment, awareness and strategic management plan is a must to safeguard both ground and surface water consumers in the lower part of the KRB.