Basic Principles
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Item An approach to develop Multi Techniques Integrated Expert System for Diagnosis of Human Constitutions(2008) Mendis, D.S.K.; Karunananda, A.S.; Samaratunga, U.This paper presents a multi techniques integrated expert system for diagnosis of Prakurthi in Ayurvedic medicine. The present mechanisms used for diagnosis of Prakurthi, which is considered, as classification of human constitutions and is inconsistent about its findings. Therefore a research has been conducted to reduce such inconsistencies using an expert system. In this issue multi techniques integrated expert system has been implemented for addressing the problem. Statistical technique and fuzzy logic have been described as multi techniques involved in the expert system. Tacit knowledge has always been influential to change the directions and emphasis of explicit models of knowledge. All explicit knowledge is rooted in tacit knowledge. Due to these reasons modelling of tacit knowledge is of great interest. Tacit knowledge in Ayurvedic sub-domain of individual classification has been acquired through a questionnaire and analysed to identify the dependencies, which lead to make tacit knowledge in the particular domain. In the first place analysis was done using statistical techniques of principal components and the results were not compatible with the experiences of Ayurvedic experts. As such, fuzzy logic has been used to further model the Ayurvedic sub-domain. The result of the modelling of Ayurvedic domain using fuzzy logic has been compatible with the experiences of the Ayurvedic experts. A framework for diagnosis of human constitutions has been integrated with an expert system shell thereby enabling the development of expert systems for domains with tacit knowledge. Currently, it has been integrated with FLEX expert system shell.Item Tacit Knowledge modeling in Intelligent Hybrid Systems(2007) Mendis, D.S.K.; Karunanda, A.S.; Samaratunga, U.; Ratnayake, U.Knowledge modelling gives the intention of knowledge engineering which applicable for managing information systems. Tacit knowledge is the key issue of knowledge modelling aspect because all knowledge is rooted in tacit knowledge. This paper presents a research, which is incorporated of modelling of tacit knowledge. Here we have used an Intelligent Hybrid system for developing an approach for modelling tacit knowledge. The Intelligent Hybrid system is involved with artificial intelligent techniques, namely fuzzy logic and expert system technology. We primarily used fuzzy logic together with statistical technique of principle component analysis for modelling tacit domains. Tacit knowledge in Ayurvedic sub-domain of individual classification has been acquired through a questionnaire and analysed to identify the dependencies, which lead to make tacit knowledge in the particular domain. In the first place analysis was done using statistical techniques of principle components and the results were not compatible with the experiences of Ayurvedic experts. As such, fuzzy logic has been used to further model the Ayurvedic sub-domain. The result of the modelling of Ayurvedic domain using fuzzy logic has been compatible with the experiences of the Ayurvedic experts. It has shown 77% accuracy in using the tacit knowledge for reasoning in the relevant domain. The development has been done using Visual basic, FLEX expert system shell and the system runs on Windows platform. The Intelligent Hybrid system has been successfully applied for several tacit domains. Performances were very close to handling tacit knowledge by the human expert in tacit domainItem Using intelligent techniques for widening scope of real world problem solving(2002) Mendis, D.S.K.; Karunananda, A.S.; Samaratunga, U.This paper presents a real world application where intelligent techniques have given promising results when statistical methods fail. Here we have considered the domain of Ayurvedic classification of individuals. Ayurvedic classification on individuals is based on analysis of a questionnaire. The questionnaire has been used over many years without any research into its improvement. So, classification using this method is still vague and subjective. An intelligent hybrid system has been developed to recognize human constituents. The system consists of modules using two intelligent techniques, namely, Fuzzy logic and Expert system. The statistical analysis on questionnaire of pilot study shows that principal component (PC) are not significant to consider. However, according to intelligent system developed, there is a significant difference between what we conclude with PC analysis and without PC analysis, provided that intelligent technique of Fuzzy logic is used. This is an interesting result that shows limitation of statistical techniques and how intelligent systems can be used for improving decision making.Item An approach to the development of commonsense knowledge modeling system for disaster management(Springer, 2007) Mendis, D.S.K.; Karunananda, A.S.; Samaratunga, U.; Rathnayake, U.Knowledge is the fundamental resource that allows us to function intelligently. Similarly, organizations typically use different types of knowledge to enhance their performance. Commonsense knowledge that is not well formalized modelling is the key to disaster management in the process of information gathering into a formalized way. Modelling commonsense knowledge is crucial for classifying and presenting of unstructured knowledge. This paper suggests an approach to achieving this objective, by proposing a three-phase knowledge modelling approach. At the initial stage commonsense knowledge is converted into a questionnaire. Removing dependencies among the questions are modelled using principal component analysis. Classification of the knowledge is processed through fuzzy logic module, which is constructed on the basis of principal components. Further explanations for classified knowledge are derived by expert system technology. We have implemented the system using FLEX expert system shell, SPSS, XML and VB. This paper describes one such approach using classification of human constituents in Ayurvedic medicine. Evaluation of the system has shown 77% accuracyItem Diuretic activity of Spilanthes acmella flowers in rats(2004) Ratnasooriya, W.D.; Peiris, K.P.P.; Samaratunga, U.; Jayakody, J.R.A.C.ln the Sri Lankan traditional medicine. Spilanthes acmella Murr. (Family: Compositae) flowers are claimed to possess powerful diuretic activity. However, as yet, the diuretic potential of these flowers is not investigated by scientifically controlled studies. The aim of rhis study was to evaluate the diuretic potential of Spilanthes acmella flowers in rats using a cold-water extract (CWE). Difl-erent concentrations of CWE (-500. 1 000, I 500 mgArg) or vehiclc or furoscmide ( 13 mg/kg) were orally administered (// : 6 per each treatrrent -uroLrp) to hydrated rats and their urine output was monitored at several intervals of time (l*-5h). The highest dose of CWE significantly (P < 0.0-5) and markedly increased the urine output. The onset of this diurctic actjon was extremeiy prompt (within I h) and lasted thror-rghoLlt the stuciied pedocl (up to -5 h). The peak efTect was evident between 1 and 2 h. Further, the intensity of diLrresis induced by the CWE in the first hi..ur rvas almost simiiar to that of furosemide. Spilanthes acmella CWE also caused marked increase in urinary Na+ and K+ levels and a reduction in the osmolarity of urine suggesting that it is mainly acting as a loop diuretic. lt may also inhibit ADH release and/or action. It is concluded that the Spilanthes acmella CWE has strong diuretic action as is claimed.