Browsing by Author "Ven. Da Xing"

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An Analytical Study of the Yogic Caturvyūha in the Yoga-Sūtra
(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Ven. Da Xing
In Yoga tradition, the fundamental theory and practice adopts logic matrix as the Four Realities (caturvyūha) to discover problem and solve issues effectively. According to Yoga philosophy, the Yoga theories based on the discoveries made by the ancient thinkers from generation to generation which is refer to the teachings of Vedas, Brāhmaṇas, Āraṇyakas and Sāṃkhya darśana. Amongst them, Yoga was taken on various Sāṃkhic philosophies such as the theory of Triguṇa, Caturvyūha and Pañcaviṃśatitattva to establishment of own system. In point of fact, the term of the Caturvyūha which does not directly mentioned as generic word in the Yoga-Sūtra, but some inference forms and methods as Heya, Heyahetu, Hāna and Hāna-upāya appeared like causality condition through logical formula to analysis by the synthesis of four-factor model - the avoidance of suffering, remove the origin of suffering; cessation of suffering and the means leading to the cessation of suffering. In fact, this formula considered as the logical methodology and metaphysics that can be expounded with truths in the Yoga- Sūtra. In this connection, this logical distribution gives important information and evidence which indicate that discover the problems and solve the issues can be phased array in the model of orderly arrangement (vyūha), and this instruction is thus established by logical deduction to closed or understood yogic causality with the Four Realities, viz. the first three as philosophy and the last one as practice. In other words, the first two can be set as discover the problems while the last two as solve the issues. Accordingly, it is also found in this study that the theory and practice of the Caturvyūha are interconnected as the cause and effect to ascertaining the suffering and its ending in this systematic pattern. Therefore, an objective of this research is to make an analytical study of the Caturvyūha to understanding the philosophy and practice for formulated into a logical speculative arrangement and designed guide practitioners to eliminate the Kleśa, free from Duḥkha and end of Saṃsāra. And so, we note that the Four-Factor Formula can be improved by interdependence which also exists with the condition of reduplicative causality to realizing the yogic realities for attaining the Mokṣa.
A comparative study of the Buddhist noble eightfold path and the ASTANGA-YOGA in yoga system
(Postgraduate institute of pali and buddhist studies, University of Kelaniya, 2018) Ven. Da Xing
The ancient Indian civilization claims to be one of the oldest enduring civilizations in the world. The majority of these civilizations hold the concepts which concern the cycle of rebirth (Pali. samsiira or Ski. sa111siira) and the Enlightenment (Pali. mokkha or Ski. moksa). l'articularly, Buddhism and Hinduism still play their significant roles in the modern society in this regard. According to Buddhism, Enlightenment is attained through the realization of the Dependent Co-origination (Pali. paticcasamuppada or Skt. pratityasamutpiidai and the Four Noble Truths (Pali. cattiiri ariyasacca or Skt. catviiri iiryasatya) and development for this is the Noble Eightfold Path (Pali. ariya auhangika-magga or Skt. iiryii,fiinga-miirga). Especially, the discourses describe this ancient path (Pali. puriina magga or Ski. puriina miirga) followed by all the previous Buddhas. By the accomplishment of these steps, one attains moksa, which is the cessation of suffering (Pali. dukkhanirodha-ariyasacca or Skt. duhkhanirodho-dryasatyai in the world and most importantly the liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Thus, by attaining freedom the Gautama Buddha consequently attained Enlightenment and reached His final destination, summum bonum of Buddhism, Nibbiina (Skt. nirvana). In Hinduism, Enlightenment can also be realized through the liberation of samsdra. Though Hindus do not have a single system for attaining liberation, they have several Yoga-s. Specially, the Eightfold Path (Skt. astiinga-yogdi is used for its achievement. By practice of the Astiingo-Yoga, a yogi has to understand the Four Realities (Skt. catur-vyiihay because the theistic Yoga refers to the Causality of the Effect Pre-Existence (Skt. satkiiryavadai and connects it with the Three Characteristics of Essence (Skt. trigunai or the Three Eternal Attributes (Skt. tirmuloi, then end of the Five Hindrances (Skt. pahcaklesai and Isolation (Skt. kaivalyam) of Pure Consciousness or Eternal Soul as Atma, and attain the Unification of Atma with Brahma (Pali. brahmasahavyatii or Skt. brahmiitmiiikyamj, which is final salvation. However, according to the Astdnga-Yoga, soul is united with the Omniscient God as final emancipation. Nevertheless, Buddhism is absolutely not so. Therefore, this research will attempt through a comparative study to conduct a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the Noble Eightfold Path in Buddhism and the Asumga-Yoga in the Yoga system in order to interpret similarities and dissimilarities.
A comparative study of the Sāṃkhya-Yogic Caturvyūha and the heart of Buddhist philosophy
(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Rewatha Thero, Udawela; Ven. Da Xing
In the Sāṃkhya-Yogic and Buddhist traditions, both fundamental methodologies adopt logic matrix and process to the discovery of a problem and solve its problem in their respective fields successfully. In fact, this research aims to make a comparative study between the Sāṃkhya-Yogic Caturvyūha and the Buddhist Four Noble Truths (Pāli. Cattāriariyasacca or Skt.catvāriāryasatya) to help practitioners to understand both traditions in the core of philosophy and practice. The Sāṃkhya-Yogic philosophies are based on the discoveries made by the sages from generation to generation and refer to the teachings of Veda-s, Brāhmaṇa-s andĀraṇyaka-s. In Brāhmanic tradition, especially Sāṃkhya-Yoga is built on the system of causation which is known as the Causality of the Four Realities (Skt. caturvyūha) to remove duḥkha and saṃsāra and achieves mokṣa. In the Sāṃkhya-Yogic tradition, the Caturvyūha is the logical approach, as avoidance(Skt.heya), origin (Skt. hetu), cessation (Skt. hāna) and means (Skt. upāya) are considered as a whole to ascertaining the misery and its ending. In fact, these fundamental conceptual theories and terminologies are formulated into a logical philosophical structure and designed in order to enable yogis to understand and perform the spiritual realities in human life. According to Buddhist tradition, the Four Noble Truths (Pāli. cattāri–ariyasacca or Skt.catvāri–āryasatya)such as suffering(Pāli. dukkha or Skt. duḥkha) and its cause (Pāli. samudayaorSkt.samudaya), the cessation (Pāli. nirodhaor Skt.nirodha)with its path (Pāli.magga,orSkt. mārga)as logic matrix which known as the perfect structural formula in human’s purpose to eradicate the impediments and be free from dukkha (Skt.duḥkha) and saṃsāra. We should note that both four-factor formula that has different methods leading to the same result which can also be improved by causality in the Sāṃkhya-Yogic and Buddhist traditions. In fact, there exists reduplicative of causality condition in both traditions. In accordance with the doctrine of the Cattāri–ariyasacca(Skt.catvāri–āryasatya) and the Caturvyūha, the first three as philosophy and the last one as practice. In other words, the first two can be set to be the existence and cause of problems while the last two constitute as the cessation of problems. The objective of this research is to make a comparative study between the Sāṃkhya-Yogic Caturvyūha and the Buddhist Catvāriāryasatyain similarities and dissimilarities for the welfare of the world to guide sentient beings to eliminate their suffering (Pāli. dukkha or Skt.duḥkha) in the life of saṃsāra and attain the liberation (Pāli. mokkhaorSkt.mokṣa) of execution and consummation respectively.
A Rediscovery of the Connotative Trimūla in Patañjali’s Yoga-Sūtra
(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Ven. Da Xing
According to Indian Yoga history, Yoga was originated from the Indus Valley Civilization that the practice had been adopted for the enhancement of physical condition, mental training and spiritual development of ancient sages, and since then the path of Yoga has spread throughout the world in the modern society.Inthe Yogadarśana, the theory of Yoga was descended fromthe Indian Brāhmaṇa and Śramaṇatraditionsconventionally. Among them, especially, Yoga is built on a fundamental of Sāṃkhya philosophy with the practice of the Eightfold Path (Skt.aṣṭāṅgayoga). As it is well known thatthe system of causation which is known as the Cause of the Effect Pre–existence (satkāryavāda) associatethe Four Realities (caturvyūha) with the Three Characteristics of Essence (triguṇa)from the evolution (utpatti) of the Pañcaviṃśatitattva tod evolution way(pralaya) for tracing back to the Prakṛti and finally attaining theoriginal state of isolation (kaivalya) to the end of suffering and the cycle of rebirth. But then the only theistic concept which is also known as theistic Yoga (seśvarasāṃkhya) and reflect on the Three Eternal Attributes (trimūla) as Eternal Dogma (sanātana-dharma) differs from atheistic Sāṃkhya (nirīśvarasāṃkhya) because it is inherited from theBrāhmaṇa tradition. In fact, the Eternal Dogma revealed with the Three Eternal Attributes are absolute qualities and essences known as Satcitānanda that implied the Absolute Existence (sat) as Permanence(nitya), Eternal Consciousness (cit)as Purified Soul (ātma) and Ultimate Bliss (ānanda) as Oneness (yoga) which is meant the Purified Soul merge with the Omniscienceto get the discriminative knowledge (vivekakhyati) for eradicated efilement (kleśā)or the Cessation of Mental Fluctuation (cittavṛttinirodha)and give assistance to yogis release from Duḥkha and Saṃsāraand achieve the Absorption of the Dharma-cloud (dharmameghasamādhi) which is also known as the Unification of Individual Soul with Universal Soul as the final goal of salvation.The purpose of this research is to rediscover of the connotative Trimūlaas primary conceptual theories and terminologies are formulated into a logical philosophical structure and designed in order to help practitioners proper understand and perform the spiritual development with realities.