Browsing by Author "Thalpawila, O.N."
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Item The Escalation of the LTTE’s Violent Activities and the Civil War in Sri Lanka.(Department of Philosophy, University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Thalpawila, O.N.Item The Middle East peace process in the 1990s(Academic Staff College (ASC), Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, 2002) Menike, A.; Thalpawila, O.N.Item Rehabilitation and reintegration as a key activity of post-war peacebuilding in Sri Lanka(2015) Thalpawila, O.N.Item Repatriation of Sri Lankan Refugees from South India in the Post-War Era(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Thalpawila, O.N.During the course of the protracted war in Sri Lanka, several displaced victims of the war entered as refugees and sought asylum in Tamil Nadu state in South India. The civil war ended in 2009 in Sri Lanka, following which peacebuilding and reconstruction works were started by the government. In the process of building peace in the post-war context, repatriation of Sri Lankan refugees was considered a primary task among other resettlement works required to restore normalcy to civilian life in the former war zones. The Government of Sri Lanka formally invited the refugees to return to their motherland and provided some assistance towards their passage. This paper looks at the progress of the repatriation process of Sri Lankan refugees from Tamil Nadu state in the post-war period. To address this task this paper uses primary and secondary data as appropriate.Item Repatriation of Sri Lankan Refugees in South India(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Thalpawila, O.N.During the course of the protracted war in Sri Lanka, several displaced victims of the war entered as refugees and sought asylum in Tamil Nadu state in South India. There are around one hundred thousand of Sri Lankan refugees still living in welfare camps or with their friends and relatives in India. Even though the Sri Lankan government and the UNHCR were willing to provide assistance to these refugees the reports indicated that not many returnees arrived from India in the post-war period. The theory stresses that repatriation of refugees is a significant task of a successful post conflict peacebuilding. The aim of this paper is to look into the process of repatriation during post war period. The primary and secondary data are used to qualitative analysis of this study. Some reasons were revealed by this study to discourage for returning of refugees. First they are still suspect on their own security in the Northern Province. Second problems of livelihood and loss of original lands in resettle process of Sri Lanka have been emerged as key issues to discourage them. Third as an external fact the Tamil Nadu politics also badly affected for repatriation. According to this, there was a poor flow of returning refugees from India, which shows that the entire process of repatriation is problematic. The government should give more attention to solve this problem with the help of the Indian government as well as the UNHCR.Item Restoration of livelihoods in former war affected areas in Sri Lanka(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Thalpawila, O.N.The Government of Sri Lanka commenced a post-war reconstruction process in order to build a sustainable peace as soon as the civil war ended in May 2009. The government considered restoration of livelihoods as the second step of early recovery needed to provide relief to the IDPs to complete the resettlement process successfully. Since the majority of people in the Northern and the Eastern provinces depend for their livelihoods on agriculture, fisheries, and animal husbandry, the government made arrangements to set up an environment conducive to the restarting of their livelihoods. Because of this government policy, the people were able to commence their usual livelihood activities in their own villages. The aim of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of the government’s assistance to the restoration of the livelihood in the former war affected areas in Sri Lanka. The primary and secondary data have been based on this study. The primary data was collected from in depth interviews with resettled people in the northern and the eastern provinces and the field observations. The secondary data were collected from the government reports and non-government documents. The government policy appears to have produced positive results because a significant increase in paddy production and fishing harvest in the Northern and Eastern provinces has been reported in the last five years. Although the government supported the farmers and fishermen in various ways, some problems have arisen in some areas of the Northern Province. Although the government has been involved in promoting their livelihood prospects in different ways, the majority of people in the North suffer from absolute poverty and deprivation.Item Road to Jaffna –Road to Reconciliation in Sri Lanka(The International Conference on Land Transportation, Locomotive Heritage and Road Culture - 2017, 2017) Thalpawila, O.N.As a result of the civil war in Sri Lanka, the entire road network and many bridges in the Northern and the Eastern provinces had been destroyed or rendered practically unusable due to armed attacks and negligence of maintenance for a long time. The Northern Railway from Colombo to Kankesanthurai (KKS) has been the most popular transport service to the North since the British era. Besides the thousands of passengers, the main transportation of goods, fuel, and the mail was by rail for a long time. Likewise, the Talaimannar railway service was linked with the ferry service between Rameswaram in India and the Talaimannar Pier in Sri Lanka. This railway service was very popular among the passengers of the two countries. However, the two railway lines were completely destroyed by the LTTE and they robbed the steel bars of the track to build their bunkers in the war period. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the reconstruction process of roads and railway networks in the former war affected areas and its affect to the community and reconciliation in the country. The primary and the secondary data were used for this study. The government believed that as seen from an economic perspective, the reconstructed and developed highways and railway networks would help to speed up and facilitate the budding development projects and in terms of peace they would help to reconnect all ethnic groups in the rest of the country with those in Northern Sri Lanka. With the help of the world financial institutions and donor countries the government reconstructed the road and railway network in the North and the East provinces and reconnected the entire nation with former war affected areas. It was observed that now people could travel from the South to Jaffna and Batticaloa by road very comfortably without any checkpoints, barriers or other hassles. The newly renovated highway and railway networks facilitate the conduct of passenger services well. Further, visits of the local tourists from the South have renewed the relationships between both races, which augurs well for reconciliation in the country.Item A Study of Industrial Development in the Northern and Eastern Provinces during the Post-war Period(Sri Lanka Forum of University Economists (SLFUE), Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Thalpawila, O.N.Item A Study on India –Sri Lanka Cooperation since 2015 under the UNF and BJP Governments(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Thalpawila, O.N.The bilateral relations between United People Freedom Alliance government in Sri Lanka and Congress Party government in India had deteriorated since 2015. Although, the Indian government assisted a number of post war reconstruction and development projects in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, many criticism and allegations were made by the Indian government on reconciliation measures in the Northern Province. Further, growing Sri Lanka- China relation was highly suspected by the Indian government. The aim of this paper is to examine India-Sri Lanka relations carried out by the United National Front government in Sri Lanka and Bharathiya Janatha Party government in India between 2015- 2018. The methodology of data collection was purely based on secondary data and this is a qualitatively analysis. Prime Minister of India Narendra Mod visited Sri Lanka two times and the Sri Lankan President Maithripala Sirisena and the Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasingha also visited India to reconfirm diplomatic relations. Modi once stated that Sri Lanka was the most reliable neighbor to India. Indian government assisted several projects in Sri Lanka and Memorandum of understanding was signed in 2017 on economic cooperation in the areas of infrastructure, agriculture, livestock and electricity power all of which would be jointly developed by the two countries. Both governments carried out talks on development of the Palaly airport, Mattala airport and the East container terminal of the Colombo harbor. In 2018, when Sri Lankan Prime Minister visited India, Prime Minister Modi expressed bitter disappointment and regret about the issue of the constantly delaying of Indian development projects by the Sri Lankan government. That was followed by President Sirisena’s serious allegations which was reportedly made against New Delhi on RAW activities. However, data revealed that India–Sri Lanka cooperation had started to develop into a better relationship since 2015 in order to protect Indian interest in the South Asian regionItem A Study on Theoretical Aspects of Post War Peacebuilding(Reviewing International Encounters 2018,The Research Center for Social Sciences (RCSS), University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Thalpawila, O.N.Post-conflict peacebuilding processes have received wide recognition in the last two decades since the escalation of a number of intrastate conflicts in different parts of the world. Though several countries have concluded peace accords to control the recurring violence, new conflicts keep cropping up across the globe now and then and therefore the issue is now drawing greater attention. In Sri Lanka the civil war ended in 2009 and still there are some critics on peacebuilding process. The objective of this paper is to examine the theoretical aspects of the post-conflict peacebuilding as a direction for ongoing peace process in Sri Lanka. The secondary data have been purely based for this study and they were collected from the UN publications as well as other scholarly published works. The failures of the current prevailing strategies compelled the UN to adjust its own strategies for consolidating peace. It has been generally agreed that the concept of post-conflict peacebuilding was popularised by the United Nations with the work of Boutros Ghali and further developed by following several UN documents. The UN approach on post-conflict peacebuilding, focus on several key areas such as security, political setup, development, humanitarian aspects and human rights etc. Later, while agreeing with the UN notion, several institutions and scholars also developed some new ideas on post-conflict peacebuilding according to their experiences and so modified and elaborated the concept. For instance, they added the concept of transitional justice, which looks into the issues of justice, truth telling and reconciliation, as these are considered essential elements of peacebuilding. This development could be seen when the great powers intervened in the state building of certain fragile states in the late 1990s. For instance, Ramsbotham, Miall and Woodhouse presented a post-war reconstruction/withdrawal matrix in 2011, which details several phases in security, law and order, government, economy, society and international intervention transition sectors. Finally, the study identifies some important characteristics of the concept. First, post-conflict peacebuilding is a significant long term process largely initiated in the context of negative peace, aiming to create positive peace in order to produce a sustainable peace. The post-conflict peacebuilding activities address two aspects of working areas. Firstly, it addresses the immediate outcomes of the war such as in the fields of the security sector, repatriation of refugees and resettlement of IDPs, physical reconstruction, etc., which connect to the humanitarian aspects. Secondly, it overcomes the structural violence and issues in the political, economic, and psycho/social areas by removing structural contradictions and injustice to achieve positive peace in conflict affected societiesItem දකුණු ආසියානු කලාපයේ ත්රස්තවාදය මුලිනුපුටා දැමීම(University of Kelaniya, 2008) Thalpawila, O.N.Item සංවර්ධන ව්යාපෘතීන් හා බලපෑම් කණ්ඩායම් (ශ්රී ලංකාවේ නොරෙච්චෝලේ තාප විදුලි බලාගාර ව්යාපෘතිය ඇසුරින්)(University of Kelaniya, 2006) Thalpawila, O.N.