Browsing by Author "Singh, S."

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APASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure.
(Springer, 2024) Maiwall, R.; Singh, S.P.; Angeli, P.; Moreau, R.; Krag, A.; Singh, V.; Singal, A.K.; Tan, S.S.; Puri, P.; Mahtab, M.; Lau, G.; Ning, Q.; Sharma, M.K.; Rao, P.N.; Kapoor, D.; Gupta, S.; Duseja, A.; Wadhawan, M.; Jothimani, D.; Saigal, S.; Taneja, S.; Shukla, A.; Govil, D.; Pandey, G.; Madan, K.; Eapen, C.E.; Benjamin, J.; Chowdhury, A.; Salao, V.; Yang, J.M.; Hamid, S.; Shalimar; Jasuja, S.; Kulkarni, A.V.; Niriella, M.A.; Tevethia, H.V.; Arora, V.; Mathur, R.P.; Roy, A.; Jindal, A.; Saraf, N.; Verma, N.; Arka, D.; Choudhary, N.S.; Mehtani, R.; Chand, P.; Rudra, O.; Sarin, S.K.; Puri, P.; Singh, S.
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome that is characterized by the rapid development of organ failures predisposing these patients to a high risk of short-term early death. The main causes of organ failure in these patients are bacterial infections and systemic inflammation, both of which can be severe. For the majority of these patients, a prompt liver transplant is still the only effective course of treatment. Kidneys are one of the most frequent extrahepatic organs that are affected in patients with ACLF, since acute kidney injury (AKI) is reported in 22.8-34% of patients with ACLF. Approach and management of kidney injury could improve overall outcomes in these patients. Importantly, patients with ACLF more frequently have stage 3 AKI with a low rate of response to the current treatment modalities. The objective of the present position paper is to critically review and analyze the published data on AKI in ACLF, evolve a consensus, and provide recommendations for early diagnosis, pathophysiology, prevention, and management of AKI in patients with ACLF. In the absence of direct evidence, we propose expert opinions for guidance in managing AKI in this very challenging group of patients and focus on areas of future research. This consensus will be of major importance to all hepatologists, liver transplant surgeons, and intensivists across the globe.
Bihar's pioneering school-based deworming programme: lessons learned in deworming over 17 million Indian school-age children in one sustainable campaign.
(San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science, 2015) Drake, L.J.; Singh, S.; Mishra, C.K.; Sinha, A.; Kumar, S.; Bhushan, R.; Hollingsworth, T.D.; Appleby, L.J.; Kumar, R.; Sharma, K.; Kumar, Y.; Raman, S.; Chakrabarty, S.; Kihara, J.H.; Gunawardena, N.K.; Hollister, G.; Kumar, V.; Ankur, A.; Prasad, B.; Ramachandran, S.; Fishbane, A.; Makkar, P.
The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths in Bihar state, India.
(Public Library of Science, 2015) Greenland, K.; Dixon, R.; Khan, S. A.; Gunawardena, K.; Kihara, J. H.; Smith, J. L.; Drake, L.; Makkar, P.; Raman, S.; Singh, S.; Kumar, S.
BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infect over a billion individuals worldwide. In India, 241 million children are estimated to need deworming to avert the negative consequences STH infections can have on child health and development. In February-April 2011, 17 million children in Bihar State were dewormed during a government-led school-based deworming campaign. Prior to programme implementation, a study was conducted to assess STH prevalence in the school-age population to direct the programme. The study also investigated risk factors for STH infections, including caste, literacy, and defecation and hygiene practices, in order to inform the development of complementary interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children in 20 schools in Bihar. In addition to providing stool samples for identification of STH infections, children completed a short questionnaire detailing their usual defecation and hand-hygiene practices. Risk factors for STH infections were explored. RESULTS: In January-February 2011, 1279 school children aged four to seventeen provided stool samples and 1157 children also completed the questionnaire. Overall, 68% of children (10-86% across schools) were infected with one or more soil-transmitted helminth species. The prevalence of ascariasis, hookworm and trichuriasis was 52%, 42% and 5% respectively. The majority of children (95%) practiced open defecation and reported most frequently cleansing hands with soil (61%). Increasing age, lack of maternal literacy and certain castes were independently associated with hookworm infection. Absence of a hand-washing station at the schools was also independently associated with A. lumbricoides infection. CONCLUSIONS: STH prevalence in Bihar is high, and justifies mass deworming in school-aged children. Open defecation is common-place and hands are often cleansed using soil. The findings reported here can be used to help direct messaging appropriate to mothers with low levels of literacy and emphasise the importance of water and sanitation in the control of helminths and other diseases.
Explore the Change of Eating Habits Due To Television Commercial and Directly Effect on Obesity of Teenager of Jammu
(2011) Mishra, H.G.; Singh, S.
Background: Advertisement creates colossal impact on teenagers and TV create gigantic impacting on eating habits of teenagers and cause obesity in them. So, our study focus on finding the impact of advertisement on psychology, buying behavior, obesity and eating habits of teenagers in Jammu. Methods: The data is collected in the age group of 7 to 18 years. The schedule is developed to examine eating habits of teenagers and its effect on obesity level. The statistical tool and the sampling technique used are regression analysis and convenience sampling. Results: children consume unhealthy and low nutritional product while watching TV. They even insist their parents to buy product for them and those have pocket money (Rs50-100) are influenced by advertisement and opt unhealthy food and suffer from the problem of obesity. Conclusion: Teenagers are influenced by advertisements, but those who have high leverage to buy these products inadvertently face the problem of obesity.
Professional education sector in India: costs, financing and immerging policy issues
(University of Kelaniya, 2008) Singh, S.