Browsing by Author "Perera, P."

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Accuracy of measuring axillary temperature using mercury in glass thermometers in children under five years: a cross sectional observational study
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc, 2014) Perera, P.; Fernando, M.; Mettananda, S.; Samaranayake, R.
BACKGROUND: Measuring axillary temperature with mercury in glass thermometers is continued in clinical practice though there are many limitations. This is mainly due to convenience and cost. This study was conducted to ascertain the accuracy of measuring axillary temperature with mercury thermometers in preschool children. METHODS: Axillary temperature was measured in 250 preschool children using standardized mercury thermometers. Time taken to record the final temperature and its correlates were assessed. RESULTS: Time taken to record the final temperature extended up to six minutes. This duration varied according to age, body mass index and body temperature, but a significant variation was noted only with age. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring axillary temperature with mercury thermometers is subjected to error. They need to be replaced with suitable alternatives.
Constipation and functional faecal retention in a group of school children in a district in Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, 2009) Rajindrajith, S.; Devanarayana, N.M.; Mettananda, S.; Perera, P.; Jasmin, S.; Karunarathna, U. A.; Adihetti, D.; Goonewardena, R.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of constipation and functional faecal retention among a group of school children in Gampaha district of Sri Lanka. METHOD: This is a cross sectional survey. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected children, aged 10-16 years, in a semi-urban school in Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. Constipation was defined using Rome III criteria and Paris Consensus on Childhood Constipation Terminology (PACCT). Functional faecal retention was diagnosed using Rome II criteria. RESULTS: A total of 441 questionnaires were distributed and 429 (97.3%) responded (53.1% males, mean age 12.4 years, SD 1.5 years). According to Rome III criteria and PACCT, 46 (10.7%) had constipation. Prevalence of constipation was higher in males (14.5%) compared to females (6.5%) [OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.19-5.1, p=0.012]. Twenty three (5.4%) had functional faecal retention. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic constipation is a significant problem, affecting approximately 10% of children in a semi-urban school in Gampaha district. It is commoner among males. Both Rome III criteria and PACCT are effective in diagnosing childhood constipation in epidemiological studies
Day of the week effect of stock returns: Empirical evidence from Colombo stock exchange
(University of Kelaniya, 2012) Thushara, S.C.; Perera, P.
Decaying Hardwood Associated Fungi Showing Signatures of Polyethylene Degradation
(BioResources, 2021) Perera, P.; Deraniyagala, A.S.; Mahawaththagea, M.P.S.; Herath, H.; Rajapakse, C.S.K.; Wijesinghe, P.; Attanayake, R.N.
The involvement of wood decay fungi and the importance of their enzymes in polyethylene degradation is well documented. Therefore, decay-resistant hardwood associated fungi should be better degraders with their versatile enzymatic systems. In the current study, decaying hardwood associated fungi were isolated and their ability to degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was assessed. Thirty-three isolates were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Randomly selected isolates were tested for laccase producing abilities. Three species were selected to test their potentials in LDPE sheet degradation. Fungi were incubated in Czapek-Dox broth containing 20-micron LDPE sheets at room temperature for 60 days. The biodegradation signatures were assessed by analyzing the changes in structural characteristics of LDPE using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), percent reduction of tensile properties, and weight loss. FTIR analysis revealed changes in certain functional groups compared with the control, indicating chemical changes resulting from the treatment. LDPE sheets incubated with fungi showed cracks and holes under SEM analysis, percent reduction in tensile properties, and weight loss, which are the signatures of degradation. This study revealed that the hardwood decaying basidiomycetes, Phlebiopsis flavidoalba, Schizophyllum commune, and Phanerodontia chrysosporium have the potential for in vitro LDPE degradation.
Dental hygiene practices and the pattern of dental caries in preschool children in Ragama
(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2012) Perera, P.; Abeweera, N.; Fernanado, M.; warnakulasuria, T.W.; Ranathunga, N.
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is a common problem among preschool children, but often neglected as deciduas teeth are replaced later by permanent teeth. However, for many reasons, protecting deciduas teeth is very important. AIMS: The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of dental caries among preschool children and assess the utilization of dental care facilities. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was done between August 2010 and October 2010 at child welfare clinics held in the Ragama MOH area. Consecutive children aged between 2 and 5 years attending the clinics were recruited with the consent of parents. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data and the mouth was examined for caries. Total decayed-missing-filled (dmft) score and significant caries index (SIC) were calculated to describe the prevalence of dental caries. Care index was calculated to describe the use of dental services. RESULTS: Out of 410 children recruited, none had routine visits to a dentist. Though practices related to brushing teeth were satisfactory, 37.8% children in the study sample had caries. This increased to 68.8% by 5 years of age. Mean dmft score for the whole sample was 1.41 and SIC index was 4.09. The Care index was 4.72. The dmft score in girls was higher than boys. Incisors of the upper jaw were the mainly affected teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of dental carries among this cohort of Sri Lankan preschool children is very high. The level of dental care for preschool children at present appears to be unsatisfactory.
Effect of household air pollution due to solid fuel combustion on childhood respiratory diseases in a semi urban population in Sri Lanka.
(BioMed Central, 2019) Ranathunga, N.; Perera, P.; Nandasena, S.; Sathiakumar, N.; Kasturiratne, A.; Wickremasinghe, R.
BACKGROUND:Household air pollution from combustion of solid fuels for cooking and space heating is one of the most important risk factors of the global burden of disease. This study was aimed to determine the association between household air pollution due to combustion of biomass fuel in Sri Lankan households and self-reported respiratory symptoms in children under 5 years. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the Ragama Medical Officer of Health area in Sri Lanka. Children under 5 years were followed up for 12 months. Data on respiratory symptoms were extracted from a symptom diary. Socioeconomic data and the main fuel type used for cooking were recorded. Air quality measurements were taken during the preparation of the lunch meal over a 2-h period in a subsample of households. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty two children were followed up. The incidence of infection induced asthma (RR = 1.77, 95%CI;1.098-2.949) was significantly higher among children resident in households using biomass fuel and kerosene (considered as the high exposure group) as compared to children resident in households using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or electricity for cooking (considered as the low exposure group), after adjusting for confounders. Maternal education was significantly associated with the incidence of infection induced asthma after controlling for other factors including exposure status. The incidence of asthma among male children was significantly higher than in female children (RR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.37). Having an industry causing air pollution near the home and cooking inside the living area were significant risk factors of rhinitis (RR = 1.39 and 2.67, respectively) while spending less time on cooking was a protective factor (RR = 0.81). Houses which used biomass fuel had significantly higher concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) (mean 2.77 ppm vs 1.44 ppm) and particulate matter2.5 (PM2.5) (mean 1.09 mg/m3 vs 0.30 mg/m3) as compared to houses using LPG or electricity for cooking. CONCLUSION: The CO and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in households using biomass fuel for cooking. There was a 1.6 times higher risk of infection induced asthma (IIA) among children of the high exposure group as compared to children of the low exposure group, after controlling for other factors. Maternal education was significantly associated with the incidence of IIA after controlling for exposure status and other variables.
Effects of indoor air pollution due to solid fuel combustion on physical growth of children under 5 in Sri Lanka: A descriptive cross sectional study
(Public Library of Science, 2021) Ranathunga, N.; Perera, P.; Nandasena, S.; Sathiakumar, N.; Kasturiratne, A.; Wickremasinghe, A.R.
ABSTRACT: Solid fuel combustion is an important risk factor of morbidity. This study was conducted to determine the effect of indoor air pollution (IAP) due to solid fuel combustion on physical growth in 262 Sri Lankan children under five. Exposure was defined by the type of fuel used for cooking. Pollutant levels were measured in a subsample of households. "High" exposure group (households using biomass fuel/kerosene oil for cooking) comprised 60% of the study population; the prevalence of wasting was 19.7% and underweight was 20.4% in the entire population where 68% were from the high exposure group. Children from the "high" exposure group had significantly lower mean z-scores for weight-for-height (p = 0.047), height-for-age (p = 0.004) and weight-for-age (p = 0.001) as compared to the "low" exposure group (children of households using liquefied petroleum gas and/or electricity) after adjusting for confounders. Z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height were negatively correlated with CO (p = 0.001, 0.018, 0.020, respectively) and PM2.5 concentrations (p<0.001,p = 0.024 p = 0.008, respectively). IAP due to combustion of biomass fuel leads to poor physical growth.
Effects of indoor air pollution on the development of children under five years of age in Sri Lanka
(MDPI, 2022) Ranathunga, N.; Perera, P.; Nandasena, S.; Sathiakumar, N.; Kasturiratne, A.; Wickremasinghe, R.
Air pollution is a multifaceted environmental toxin affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) through diverse pathways. The CNS of young children is particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of toxins, as brain development continues postnatally with the formation of interneuronal connections, glial cell proliferation and myelination of axons. Indoor air pollution (IAP) from solid fuel combustion is more harmful than outdoor air pollution. Numerous air pollutants hazardous to health are released during the burning of unprocessed biomass. The primary source of fuel in Sri Lanka for cooking is biomass, mainly wood. In this study, we evaluated the influence of IAP resulting from biomass combustion on the neurodevelopment of children. In a cohort of children under five years living in a semi-urban area of Sri Lanka, neurodevelopment was assessed using Denver II developmental screening test. Air quality levels were measured (Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5)) in a subsample. There were significantly high levels of CO and PM2.5 in the ambient air of households using biomass as the primary fuel for cooking. Children living in these households had a significantly higher number of children with ‘suspect’ developmental assessment scores in the language, social behavior and play and gross motor development domains.
Efficacy of hydroxyurea in reducing the erythropoietic stress of ineffective erythropoiesis in transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia: A randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2021) Yasara, N.; Premawardhena, A.; Perera, P.; Manamperi, A.; Mettananda, S.
The unbalanced synthesis and accumulation of a-globin chains due to impaired synthesis of 0- globin results in the destruction of red blood cells (RBC) and erythroid precursors of patients with P-thalassaemia. This leads to an increased erythropoietic activity and ineffective erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of these patients. Hydroxyurea is a licenced medication that decreases the RBC destruction of patients with p-thalassaemia. However, its effect on erythropoietic stress is unclear. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effect of hydroxyurea on erythropoietic stress of ineffective erythropoiesis in transfusion-dependent (TD) p-thalassaemia. This experimental study was carried out at the Thalassaemia Unit of Colombo North Teaching Hospital as part of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluates the efficacy of hydroxyurea. We recruited 24 patients with TD p-thalassaemia who were taking hydroxyurea IQ- 20 mg/kg/day and 16 patients who were receiving a placebo. The erythropoietic stress of ineffective erythropoiesis was assessed by measuring serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels before and six months after taking either hydroxyurea or placebo. Levels of sTfR were measured using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paired t-test was used in the statistical analysis. Nineteen (79%) out of 24 patients who received hydroxyurea showed a reduction in sTfR level, of which 8 (33%) and 6 (25%) showed >25% and 10-25% reductions, respectively. A significant reduction in mean sTfR level was observed after hydroxyurea treatment (72.3±SD25.9) compared to pre-treatment levels (89.6士SD22.9), (pv0.01). Conversely, no difference in sTfR levels was seen in patients who received the placebo pre・(91.9土SD24.7) and post-treatment (96.4±SD19.4), (p=0.17). In conclusion, oral hydroxyurea significantly reduced the erythropoietic stress of ineffective erythropoiesis in patients with TD p-thalassaemia showing a promise as a treatment modality.
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems, Intellectual Capital, and Business Performance: A Study of Listed Companies in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Herath, M.N.; Perera, P.
With the proliferation of technology, the success of modern firms highly depends upon the new technologies that facilitate new commercial opportunities and improve business processes. Therefore, it is vital to investigate how Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems improve business performances and the relationship between ERP systems with the firm's intellectual capital and business performance. The primary aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between ERP systems, intellectual capital, and business performance. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via a standard questionnaire. According to the market capitalization of Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), the companies in the top five sectors were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS statistical software. A descriptive analysis was performed to describe demographical variables, followed by finding correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between each of the three variables of the research to support the developed hypotheses of the study. The results revealed that ERP systems have a positive relationship with components of intellectual capital and business performance. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for business institutions to decide the implementation of ERP systems and which component of intellectual capital has a significant impact on improving business performance. Since this provides valuable findings, more research on this area needs to be encouraged.
The establishment of a population-specific reference value for the ruler drop test for the clinical assessment of reaction time
(Elsevier, 2023) Rajapaksha, S.; Kitulwatte, I.; Senarathne, U.; Edirisinghe, A.; Perera, P.
BACKGROUND: Reaction time (RT) is the interval between a stimulus and an appropriate voluntary response in an individual. Alcohol is known to result in delayed RT. In Sri Lanka, an alleged drunken driver is legally subjected to a medico-legal examination to confirm or exclude impairment. The guideline for examining a drunk person in Sri Lanka includes the ruler drop test (RDT) as a test of RT. RDT is a simple test of visual reaction time in which the subject attempts to stop a falling ruler, and the height fallen is used to determine the time taken to react to the event. However, a formal study has yet to be carried out to establish population-specific reference values to interpret RDT results. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using 903 adults ≥18 years. A nonparametric approach was applied for deriving the reference values based on an inter-percentile interval. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 56.6% females, and the mean age of the participants was 41.6 years. Most (95%) of the study population could catch the ruler at or less than 40.0 cm of average height. The average height on RDT increased from younger to older age groups. However, subgrouping based on other variables, including sex, age, and alcohol consumption, did not show any statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The population-specific cut-off limit to identify alcohol intoxication by RDT in a Sri Lankan adult is 'average height' >40 cm.
Firm Characteristics and Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Evidence from Sri Lanka
(International Postgraduate Research Conference 2019, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Weerawickrama, V.; Perera, P.
The purpose of this study is to examine the level of voluntary intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) by Sri Lankan listed companies and to evaluate four main company characteristics; industry type, listing age, leverage and auditor type on ICD. In current context ICD has identified as one of the most significant factors in creating and maintaining stakeholder value and gaining competitive advantages for the organization. Majority of these disclosures are qualitative, non-financial and historical oriented. In this study the level of ICD is examined in all non-financial traded companies (222) listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange using content analysis for the period of 2016 to 2018. The results of the study show that; the industry type has a significant impact on the disclosure level while, listing age and leverage did not show any significant influence on ICD. Further, knowledge-intensive and high technology-based industries as well as companies with Big Four auditors showed higher level of ICD than other companies. All other companies except previously mentioned, showed a homogeneous disclosure patterns over time. This study contributes new insights to the existing literature on ICD in Sri Lanka as the first study to consider all listed non-financial companies, while inviting future researchers to conduct more ICD related research for a considerable time period with different content analysis techniques.
Global Positioning System Based Real-Time Traffic Monitoring System for Minneriya National Park
(4th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Technology (ICACT ‒ 2019), Faculty of Computing and Technology, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Hansanie, M.H.M.; Manawadu, U.A.; Abeyratne, K.R.; Perera, P.; De Silva, R. S.
Located in the North Central Plains of Sri Lanka, Minneriya National Park is an ideal eco-tourism location. Annually during the dry season, August to September herds up to 300 elephants get attracted towards the Minneriya reservoir. Due to the large elephant herd that visits the reservoir throughout the year, mostly in the dry season, Minneriya National Park has become a large visitor attraction. The increasing visitor attraction to witness the elephant gathering in the banks of Minneriya Reservoir has caused adverse effects to the sensitive ecological areas, disturbing the natural habitats. The high number of visitor attraction has caused difficulties in the systematic management of safari rides in the park. The main objective of this project is to design and develop an android app that tracks the location of vehicles entering the park based on GPS data. The geo-location history of safari jeeps is updated in Firebase Real-Time Database. The park administrators are provided with a web-based system that consists of a customized map that shows the real-time location of all vehicles inside the park. Also, using Firebase Cloud Messaging facility, administrators can message the safari jeep drivers real-time and redistribute the vehicle traffic. Geo-fences are implemented in the app that marks protected zones. It indicates to the drivers that they are sensitive ecological areas and enter and exit to the areas are marked by an app notification. The app also shows the other safari vehicles in its proximity and the jeep drivers can have an idea of the realtime vehicle traffic. When implementing the app traffic data of 20 vehicles were collected and identified that grassland habitat occupied the maximum number of vehicles. There were concerns regarding network battery drain. It can be minimized by changing the CPU frequency when the app is inactive in run time. Through this real-time traffic monitoring system, the park administrators can easily manage and redistribute safari jeep traffic and improve the behavior of safari jeep drivers eliminating disturbance caused to flora and fauna of the national park due to increased vehicle traffic.
Income recognition of a loan with increasing rentals (Stepping up Loans): A case study on a selected Sri Lankan company
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kawshalya, P.; Perera, P.
In consequence to introduction of Sri Lanka Accounting Standards (SLFRS and LKAS) compatible with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka with effect from 1st January 2012, The Company being a registered finance company with public accountability, is required to apply provisions of the full set of accounting standards and in the preparation of the financial statements in compatible with these new accounting standards, company has encountered numerous issues regarding the deviations from the requirements of the accounting standards. Out of them, this case study discuses in detailed one of the main issues that was identified during the preparation of financial statements of this company. This company provides range of different types of loans to its customers and among them it was identified a loan category with a specific feature. This loan type is called as “Stepping Up” loans and the special feature in this loan is its monthly installment changes (increases) in every 12 months. Therefore the monthly installments in first few years are relatively lower than the monthly installments of the final years of the loan agreement. In the interest income recognition of these types of loans company has encountered a problem because Sri Lanka Accounting Standard (LKAS) 39 – ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ requires recognizing the interest income of loans using effective interest method where in the first two years of the loan agreements the monthly rental is not even enough to recover the interest of these loans which is calculated using effective interest method.
Influence of Corporate Governance on Leverage Structure in Sri Lankan Manufacturing Companies
(International Postgraduate Research Conference 2019, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Perera, P.; Perera, P.R.M.R.
Leverage structure of manufacturing companied provide an indication of the financial health of the company, while number of factors affect the leverage structure decision. Governance is the mechanism that controls decisions of the company that includes leverage structure decisions. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of corporate governance on leverage structure decision making in Sri Lankan manufacturing firms. Data collected from annual reports of manufacturing sector companies for the period from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed using panel data. The study identified board size, board composition, managerial ownership, board independence, institutional ownership and CEO duality as corporate governance attributes to measure their influence on leverage structure decision making. Firm Size and profitability were employed for control purpose. Findings of the study reveal a significant influence of corporate governance attributes of CEO duality and board independence on leverage structure with a moderate effect of firm Size and profitability
Knowledge of mothers regarding helminth infections and patterns of anthelminthic usage in children
(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2012) Perera, P.; Dissanayaka, D.; Fernando, M.; Ranathanga, N.
INTRODUCTION: Intestinal helminth infections are a global problem. There are lot of misbelieves among people regarding helminth infections, which often leads to inappropriate use of anthelmintics. AIMS: To assess the knowledge of mothers regarding helminth infections and to describe the patterns of anthelmintic usage in children. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at University Paediatric unit. Teaching hospital Ragama, during September 2011 to November 2011. Two Hundred children and their mothers admitted to the Paediatrics university unit with at least one child above 18 months were recruited with informed written consent. Socio-demographic data, availability of sanitary facilities and safe drinking water, knowledge on intestinal infections and practices related to anthelmintic treatment were collected using a pretested Interviewer administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Nearly all families had access to a safe toilet and 62% had safe drinking water. 84% of children had regular anthelmintic treatment and out of them 39.3% had 3 monthly, 55.3% six monthly and 5.3% annually. Out of them only 81.4% had risk factors to get helminth infections, while 36,9% had no evidence in the past of worm infection. There was no statistically significant association between regular anthelmintics usage and presence of risk factors (odds ratio 1.799, CI 0.849-3.815). Knowledge of mothers regarding transmission of worm infections and clinical features was poor. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high literacy rate among Sri Lankan mothers knowledge about worm infections was surprisingly poor. A lot of children are receiving unnecessary anthelmintic treatment. Health education programs addressing these issues are indicated.
The month of the year effect: empirical evidence from Colombo stock exchange
(2013) Thushara, S.C.; Perera, P.
Many researchers have tested whether the seasonal anomalies are present in the stock markets. Those studies have been carried out in the stock markets both in the developed and developing economies. Existence of seasonal anomalies let the investors to earn abnormal returns by trading on past information. Most common seasonal anomalies are day of the week effect, month of the year effect, holiday effect, Monday effect and Friday effect. Although information technology and regulatory mechanisms are much stronger than ever, there are strong evidences to support that seasonal anomalies exist in stock exchanges both in developing and developed countries. Furthermore, Colombo Stock Exchange has been named recently as one of the stock exchanges with higher returns in the world. Thus, it is of paramount importance identify how those returns are made of. Abnormal returns gained from anomalies cannot be justified from a risk-return standpoint. Yet it remains as an important element of stock returns. This study attempts to examine whether the month of the year effect and January effect are present in the Colombo Stock Exchange based on data from January 2000 to December 2011. For the purpose of analysis, non linear GARCH t model is employed along with other techniques due to its strong capability to detect such anomalies. Results provide evidence to support the claim that both the month of year effect and January effect exist in the Colombo Stock Exchange despite its use of modern information technology infrastructure and regulatory developments.
Moving from oral poliovirus vaccine to inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Sri Lanka: The rationale and challenges
(Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, 2017) Perera, P.
Pattern of physical growth during first six months of life among a cohort of babies living in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka
(2013) Perera, P.; Fernando, M.; Mettananda, S.; Samaranayake, R.
Introduction: Current WHO recommendation is to continue exclusive breast feeding (EBF) up to six months. Main concern regarding this recommendation is, whether EBF supports rapidly growing infant with adequate nutrition. Methods: A cohort of randomly selected new-borns was followed up at two, four and six months, to study feeding pattern and physical growth. Feeding practices and socio-demographic data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Weight & length were measured using standard techniques. Results: EBF rates were very high in this cohort of children. One main reason to stop EBF was growth faltering. Only some children showed a catch up growth by stopping EBF. At two, four and six months, weight faltering rates among EBF babies were, 11.1%, 20.1% and 13.2% respectively. Length faltering had a similar pattern, but with a higher rate at all ages. Conclusions: EBF up to six months did not cause growth faltering in the majority. In the majority, no identifiable cause for growth faltering was found. Possible genetic influence on growth faltering was not considered when stopping EBF
Pediatric emergencies
(Samudra Medical Publications, 2022) Perera, P.; Rajindrajith, S.
No abstract available