Browsing by Author "Menike, H.R.A."
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Item Age structure transition and demographic bonus in Sri Lanka(2014) Menike, H.R.A.Item Demographic Change and Ageing of Population in Sri Lanka(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Menike, H.R.A.Like many developed countries in the world, Sri Lanka has successfully attempted to decrease both the birth rate and death rate. With the decrease of fertility rate, the annual birth rate was gradually reduced. The mortality rate dropped resulting in the increase of the life expectancy of people year by year. The ageing of the population refers most commonly to an increase in the proportion of the elderly in the population. It is primarily a result of declines in fertility and mortality. I.e. population ageing is the inevitable result of rising life expectancy and declining fertility. Thus the main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of these demographic changes on indicators in the ageing of population in Sri Lanka. The study was mainly based on secondary data and for the data analysis, descriptive statistical techniques were adopted. The study reveals that, these demographic changes have mainly influenced on three indicators in the ageing of population. They are the proportion of elderly, the index of ageing and the elderly dependency ratio. These indicators from 1946 and beyond are expected to rise rapidly. Also, the prominent feature revealed by the study is, the index of ageing rises speedily above the other indices. The index of ageing were only 14 elderly persons for every 100 children in 1963, but in 1991 it had increased to 26, and it is projected to be as high as 127 in the year 2031. These trends obviously indicate a change of the population pyramid of Sri Lanka in the future.Item Impact of Demographic Dividend on the Economy of Developed and Developing Countries(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Menike, H.R.A.There is a close relationship between demographic transition and demographic dividend. Because of a demographic dividend is created by the process of the demographic transition. The “Demographic Dividend” “Demographic window of opportunity” or “demographic bonus” would have a positive impact on economic growth. This study has paid attention whether the demographic dividend has affected to the economic growth in developed and developing countries. The study mainly based on secondary data and to examine the impact of demographic dividend on economic growth, descriptive analysis method were adopted. According to the study, there is a great influence of demographic dividend on economic growth of many countries in the world. Already the cases of “East Asian Tigers” prove that the demographic bonus can contribute to accelerate economic growth. The issue is whether other countries undergoing the transition can reap similar benefits. The success of economies have been attributed to a number of factors; such as, well educated labour force, favorable global economy, an innovative dynamic business sector, industrial policies that supported development of key sectors and high rate of savings etc. However, for countries to realize this bonus, their economies must be strong enough to absorb the growing labour force without increasing unemployment or depressing wages.Item Item Impact of Socio-economic changes on demographic transition of Sri Lanka(Centre for Applied Social Sciences Research, Thailand, 2013) Menike, H.R.A.Item Occupational Inequalities and Job Satisfaction of Employees: A Comparison between Rural and Urban Sector in Sri Lanka(Reviewing International Encounters 2018,The Research Center for Social Sciences (RCSS), University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Menike, H.R.A.Labour has a dual role in the economic process. It is both an input to production and a source of income. The contribution of labour force on the productivity and development of a country depends on several factors, such as Job satisfaction, level of education, attitudes, health services, infrastructure facilities, communication, employee’s aspirations, income and savings etc. Occupation inequality greatly affects the socio-economic status of an individuals while the job satisfaction can make impact on the performance of employees in an organization. Hence, the main objective of this study is to identify the inequalities of employment and factors which influence the job satisfaction of employees in rural and urban sectors in Sri Lanka. This study is mainly based on primary data. Two districts: Colombo and Rathnapura were selected to represent the urban and the rural sector based on the development disparities. Pre tested questionnaire was managed to collect data from the sample units and descriptive statistical techniques were employed for data analysis. The study clearly shows that there are significant disparities of employment within rural and urban sectors. Nearly half of the rural population works as laborers, while majority of urban sector employees engage in professional jobs. Most of the people in the rural sector about 43 percent are engaged in temporary jobs with low salaries while about 12 percent in the urban sector. Moreover, few crucial factors have affected on the job satisfaction, which need serious attention of the planners and policymakers. The study reveals that job satisfaction of employees mostly depends on the job security, attractive salaries, recognition by the society and friendly environmentItem Rural - urban disparity in Sri Lanka(2015) Menike, H.R.A.Item Social support and social security of elderly population in Sri Lanka(2015) Menike, H.R.A.