Browsing by Author "Mathangasinghe, Y."

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Anatomic description of the distal great saphenous vein to facilitate peripheral venous access during resuscitation: a cadaveric study
(BioMed Central,London, 2023) Senevirathne, S.A.M.D.R.U.; Nimana, H.K.V.; Pirannavan, R.; Fernando, P.; Salvin, K.A.; Liyanage, U.A.; Malalasekera, A.P.; Mathangasinghe, Y.; Anthony, D.J.
The distal great saphenous vein is a popular site for venous access by means of percutaneous cannulation or venous cutdown in a hemodynamically unstable patient. The aim of this study was to precisely define the surface anatomy and dimensions of the distal part of the great saphenous vein to facilitate the aforementioned procedures. Cross-sectional anatomy of the distal saphenous vein was studied in 24 cadaveric ankles sectioned at a horizontal plane across the most prominent points of the medial and lateral malleoli. The curvilinear distance from the most prominent point of the medial malleolus to the center of the saphenous vein, its widest collapsed diameter and skin depth were obtained. The great saphenous vein was located at a mean distance of 24.4 ± 7.9 mm anterior to the medial malleolus. The mean widest collapsed diameter was 3.8 ± 1.5 mm. The mean distance from the skin surface to the vein was 4.1 ± 1.2 mm. These measurements could be used to locate the saphenous vein accurately, particularly in hemodynamically unstable patients with visually indiscernible veins.
Anatomical landmarks for ankle block
(BioMed Central, 2023) Nimana, K.V.H.; Senevirathne, A.M.D.S.R.U.; Pirannavan, R.; Fernando, M.P.S.; Liyanage, U.A.; Salvin, K.A.; Malalasekera, A.P.; Mathangasinghe, Y.; Anthony, D.J.
We aimed to describe anatomical landmarks to accurately locate the five nerves that are infiltrated to accomplish anaesthesia of the foot in an ankle block. Twenty-four formaldehyde-fixed cadaveric ankles were studied. Photographs of cross sections of the frozen legs, cut at a horizontal plane across the most prominent points of the medial and lateral malleoli, were analysed. The curvilinear distance from the most prominent point of the closest malleolus to each of the five cutaneous nerves and their depth from the skin surface were measured. Sural, tibial, deep peroneal, saphenous and medial dorsal cutaneous nerves were located 5.2 ± 1.3, 9.2 ± 2.4, 7.4 ± 1.9, 2.8 ± 1.1, 2.1 ± 0.6 mm deep to the skin surface. The curvilinear distances from the medial malleolus to the tibial, deep peroneal and saphenous nerves were 32.5 ± 8.9, 62.8 ± 11.1 and 24.4 ± 7.9 mm, respectively. The curvilinear distances from the lateral malleolus to the sural and medial dorsal cutaneous branches of superficial peroneal nerves were 27.9 ± 6.3 and 52.7 ± 7.3 mm, respectively. The deep peroneal nerve was found between the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and the extensor digitorum longus in the majority of specimens, while the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve was almost exclusively found on the extensor digitorum longus tendon. The sural and tibial nerves were located around halfway between the most prominent point of the relevant malleolus and the posterior border of the Achilles tendon. In conclusion, this study describes easily identifiable, palpable bony and soft tissue landmarks that could be used to locate the nerves around the ankle.
Implications of Language on Career Choices of 16 Years Old Female Students: A Sociological Study Based on Trilingual Mixed School
(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Jayasooriya, U.G.L.B.; Mathangasinghe, Y.
Sex-role attitudes are known to influence career choices. The objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting career choices in a group of Sri Lankan female students attending a senior secondary school. The protocol of the study confirmed to the Declaration of Helsinky. The study was conducted in a trilingual mixed school from January to March 2016. A combined quantitative and qualitative approach was employed. In the quantitative study, Sri Lankan females in the Ordinary Level classes following studies in three different languages (Sinhala, English, and Tamil) were selected using the cluster sampling method. Students who were already occupied were excluded. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data, their future career choice and the self-perceived factors associated with their choice. Face validation of the questionnaire was obtained before the study. Comparative qualitative study was based on the Grounded theory. The sample was selected using non-probability purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted in their native language. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit the accounts of the factors influencing their future career choices. Interviews were recorded and fully transcribed. Interviews were conducted until the saturation of the themes. Sixty students (20-Sinhala language, 20-Tamil language, 20-English language) participated in the study. The subjects were 16 years old. Monthly family income was approximately similar in all three categories. (37000-Sinhala language, 39000-Tamil language, 40000-English language). Mode “major occupation category” of the fathers according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations-08 (ISCO-08) was “Elementary Occupations” in all three groups. All the subjects chose their future career as “Professional” major group according to the ISCO-08. 30% (n=18) of them chose sub-major group of “Health Professionals” followed by “Science and Engineering Professionals” (8.3%, n=5), “Business and Administrative Professionals” (8.3%, n=5), “Information and Communications Technology Professionals” (5%,n=3), “Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals” (6.7%,n=4) and “Teaching Professionals” (38.3%,n=23). The English medium students had a wide range of choices (n=10) compared to Sinhala (n=7) and Tamil (n=5) medium students. Among the factors determining their choice of future career, “External influences” were identified as most influential factors. Self-efficacy beliefs were found only among few subjects (n=9). Interviews for the in depth study were conducted with 25 subjects who were randomly selected from the main sample. We found that the parental influence played a major role in determining future careers. Unlike Sinhala and Tamil medium students, gender stereotypes, social acceptance and monetary outcomes were de-emphasized in the choice of the future career by English medium students. The study population had a limited range of interests in occupations. All wanted to be “Professionals” in the future. Career choices were largely determined by the external influences. English medium students were less restricted in their future career choice.
Knowledge and attitudes among final year students of a Sri Lankan Medical Faculty on nutritional assessment and counseling
(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Mathangasinghe, Y.; Prasanni, W.D.D.; Ranatunga, M.M.; Jayasooriya, U.G.L.B.
Nutritional assessment and counseling are core clinical skills expected from a medical graduate. Our objective was to describe the knowledge and attitudes on nutritional assessment and counseling among final year medical students. Since self-perceived scores are influenced by non-test-relevant response determinants, we also intended to examine the effect of social desirability bias on self-reported knowledge and attitudes to control for overestimation. A random sample of final year medical students of a Sri Lankan Medical Faculty was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge and attitudes on nutrition were measured using a modified 17-item Nutrition in Patient Care Survey questionnaire. A 13-item Malrowe- Crowne instrument was used to assess the social desirability. Questions were in English language. Face validity of the above tests was established. Of 88 respondents, 62.2%(n=56) were females. The mean age was 25.1±0.9 years. Seven (7.8%) had participated in some kind of special projects in nutrition. Forty-three (47.8%) had close friends/relatives with a medical condition which needed greater than normal attention to nutrition. Mean knowledge score was 65.5%±8.9%. Mean positive attitudes score was 61.1%±6.5%. Although 85.6%(n=77) agreed that nutritional assessment should be included in any routine consultation, 53.3%(n=48) agreed that most final year medical students are not adequately trained to discuss nutrition issues with patients. Pearson’s test found no correlation between attitudes and self-reported knowledge (r=.041, n=88, p>.05). Student’s t-tests did not show significant differences of knowledge or attitudes depending on sex, participating in some kind of special projects in nutrition, or having a close friend/relative with a medical condition which needed greater than normal attention to nutrition(p>.05). The internal consistency of the SD scale (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.56. Results of a simple linear regression analysis predicting knowledge and attitudes score from SD score did not show a statistically significant association (F (1,74) =.050, p>.05, R2=.001, R2Adjusted=-.013). Perceived knowledge and positive attitudes on nutritional assessment and counseling is inadequate among final year medical students. The findings of this study do not support the presence of social desirability bias in students’ reporting of knowledge and attitudes.
Knowledge and Practices towards Prevention of Dengue Fever in a Cohort of Advanced Level Students.
(In: Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2017 (IPRC – 2017), Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Mathangasinghe, Y.; Jayasooriya, U.G.L.B.
The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices towards Dengue fever (DF) of a group of Sri Lankan students. Materials and methods: This was a combined qualitative and quantitative study from June to July 2016. Students in the Advanced Level classes of a trilingual mixed school following different streams (Science, Mathematics, Arts, and Commerce) were enrolled using the cluster sampling method. A face-validated self-administered questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used to collect data.
Morphological variations of the human ejaculatory ducts in relation to the prostatic urethra
(Alan R. Liss, Inc, 2018) Malalasekera, A.P.; Sivasuganthan, K.; Sarangan, S.; Thaneshan, K.; Weerakoon, D.N.; Mathangasinghe, Y.; Gunasekera, C.L.; Mallawaarachchi, S.; Nanayakkara, N.D.; Anthony, D.J.; Ediriweera, D.
PURPOSE: Loss of ejaculation can follow transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Periverumontanal prostate tissue is preserved in ejaculation-preserving TURP (ep-TURP). Knowledge of ejaculatory duct anatomy in relation to the prostatic urethra can help in ep-TURP. This was evaluated in cross-sections of the prostate using a 3D model to determine a safe zone for resecting the prostate in ep-TURP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3D reconstruction of the ejaculatory ducts was developed on the basis of six prostate gland cross-sections. The measurements obtained from the 3D model were standardized according to the maximum width of the prostate. Simple linear regressions were used to predict the relationships of the ejaculatory ducts. RESULTS: The maximum widths of the prostates ranged from 22.60mm to 52.10mm. The ejaculatory ducts entered the prostate with a concavity directed posterolaterally. They then proceeded towards the seminal colliculus in a fairly straight course, and from that point they angulated anteromedially. As they opened into the prostatic urethra they diverged. Significant regression models predicted the relationships of the ejaculatory ducts to the prostatic urethra based on the sizes of the prostates. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D anatomy of ejaculatory ducts can be predicted on the basis of prostate width. The ejaculatory ducts can be preserved with 95% accuracy if a block of tissue 7.5 mm from the midline on either side of the seminal colliculus is preserved, up to 10mm proximal to the level of the seminal colliculus, during TURP.
Pathological characteristics of lung tumors in Sri Lanka 2017-2021
(Blackwell Publishing, 2024) Mathangasinghe, Y.; Wijayawardhana, S.; Perera, U.; Punchihewa, R.; Pradeep, S.
The prevalence of lung cancer is steadily increasing globally, and it is projected to become the second most prevalent cancer in men by 2030. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for approximately 3.61% of total fatalities. Despite its significant impact, many Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, lack precise data on the epidemiological patterns of lung tumors. This study pioneers a comprehensive exploration in Sri Lanka, delving into the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients. The study included 733 consecutive patients with lung tumors from 2017 to 2021, with a median age of 59 years. The most common site of tumors was the right lower lobe and left upper lobes. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histopathological type of primary malignant lung tumors, while colorectal adenocarcinomas were the most common cause of metastatic deposits in the lungs. The most common benign tumor was hamartoma. Significantly, our findings unveiled associations between patient demographics and tumor types, underscoring the importance of factoring in age and gender in diagnostic assessments. Notably, the absence of a dedicated lung cancer screening program in Sri Lanka underscores the critical reliance on clinical suspicion and accurate diagnostic methods.
Use of E-resources among Education Professionals in Sri Lanka: Evaluating the Usage and the Need for Promotion
(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Jayasooriya, U.G.L.B.; Mathangasinghe, Y.; Ranatunga, M.; Basnagala, E.; Jayasooriya, S.
Technology continuously develops as societies evolve: it is becoming a part and partial of many things that human beings engage in. But South Asian countries like Sri Lanka do not always show a considerable tendency in utilizing e-resources effectively. Disparities of utilizing internet based learning materials have been reported among different occupations. E-resources can be utilized by the teachers to deliver knowledge effectively, while being up-to-date aware of the current concepts of teaching. Thus we intended to evaluate the use of e-resources in a group of Sri Lankan teachers. This combined qualitative and quantitative (descriptive cross sectional) study was conducted in September 2016 at University of Peradeniya. Teachers from five schools in Kandy district were selected using non probability purposive sampling. In depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining informed written consent. They rated themselves on a five-point Likert scale as how frequently they use e-resources for the educational purposes (5=daily to 1=never). Statistical analyses were conducted using a coding framework with a priori alpha of .05. A total of 24[male (33.3%, n=8), female (66.7%, n=16)] were interviewed. The subjects aged from 24-52 years with a mean of 35.2±8.4 years. Majority (75.0%, n=18) were Sinhalese, followed by Tamils (16.7%, n=4) and Muslims (8.3%, n=2). Majority of the teachers did not access e-resources frequently. The median and mode of the score was 3(=less than once a week, more than once a month). The score was non-normally distributed [skewness=0.125(SE=0.472), kurtosis=- 1.272(SE=0.918), Shapiro-Wilk test: W (24) =.844, p=.002]. Independent sample Mann Whitney U test revealed that there was no significant difference of the frequency of using eresources between males and females (p>.05). Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient test found a negative correlation between the frequency of e-resource usage and the age (rs=- .422, n=24, p=.04). More than three quarters (n=16) reported that they were not adequately educated or trained about how to use e-resources to support their teaching learning process. Only two were aware of the online courses. Except three teachers aged ≥45 years, all accessed facebook daily. The results suggest that the majority is competent in accessing internet, especially the young. But there is a need of promoting the usage of e-resources among teachers in Sri Lanka to enhance their continuous professional development as well as for effective delivery of knowledge in the classroom.