Browsing by Author "Kumar, S."

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24 h activity guidelines in children and adolescents: A prevalence survey in Asia-Pacific cities
(MDPI, 2023) Quah, P.L.; Loo, B.K.G.; Mettananda, S.; Dassanayake, S.; Chia, M.Y.H.; Chua, T.B.K.; Tan, T.S.Z.; Chan, P.C.; But, B.W.; Fu, A.C.; Wong, S.M.; Nagano, N.; Morioka, I.; Kumar, S.; Nair, M.K.C.; Tan, K.H.
This study aimed to examine the prevalence of adherence to 24 h activity guidelines in children and adolescents from Asia-Pacific cities. In 1139 children aged 5-18 years, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen viewing time (SVT), sleep duration, child weight, height, sex, and age were parent-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the number of guidelines met, and prevalence of adherence to activity guidelines by city and child sex. Prevalence of meeting all three 24 h activity guidelines was low across all countries (1.8-10.3%) (p < 0.05). Children from Thiruvananthapuram, India had the highest [10.3% (95% CI: 6.0-17.0)], while those from Tokyo, Japan had the lowest prevalence [1.8% (95% CI: 0.5-7.0)] of meeting all three guidelines. The highest prevalence of meeting individual MVPA, SVT and sleep guidelines was found in India [67.5% (95% CI: 58.8-75.1)], Kelaniya, Sri Lanka [63.2% (95% CI: 58.7-67.4)] and Kowloon, Hong Kong [59.4% (95% CI: 51.1-65.3)], respectively. Overall, a higher prevalence of boys met all three guidelines, compared to girls [5.9% (95% CI: 4.1-8.1) vs. 4.7% (3.1-6.6), p = 0.32]. The prevalence of adhering to all three activity guidelines was low in all five participating cities, with a higher proportion of boys meeting all guidelines.
Application of RFID System in Selected Libraries in Delhi, India: Issue & Challenges
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Roy, P.; Kumar, S.; Sonu
The paper studied many aspects of the RFID application, its budgeting, purchase process and application. It also studied advantages and limitation of RFID Technology, Documentation and Financial Implication, Challenges faced in initial stage and remedies, RFID tag, RFID Gate, software, vendor selection. The library has taken many innovative steps to implement the RFID in a very short period of time and in less technical glitches. It also studied counting performance with RFID technology, Wrong-positioned book situation with RFID technology, reaching the sources in the library with RFID technology and Library services as copyright and lending out books with RFID technology. The study selected major important libraries in Delhi, out of that, it’s found that four libraries are using the RFID system at that time. In the present study descriptive survey method was used to know the usage of Radio Frequency Identifier System (RFID). The author wanted to know the usage of RFID system among the users of four selected Libraries in Delhi. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the raw data. This research employs the method of quantitative research to gather an in-depth understanding of the nature of usage of RFID system among users of said libraries. From the above study it has been found that the entire three libraries are RFID applicable. The users are very much satisfied with the RFID application of the library. The application of the library is differ from one another. The hardware and software is also diversified. But the main objectives of the said libraries are same, i.e. service to the users. The studyshows the effective application of RFID technology is done by IIT Delhi library. On the other hand the British council library is older one for the application of RFID. Still the clientele and subject covered by the IIT library are huge and diversified. The technological effectiveness of IIT library is better than other two libraries. NASSDOC library should show more effectiveness for the daily use of the RFID technology. Above all, the RFID technology is very efficient technology to manage the different housekeeping jobs of the library. It’s not so much expensive venture, its result oriented venture. Security of books and identification of books is done very quickly. The technology can be adopted by the other libraries in India.
B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial.
(Lancet Pub. Group, 2010) Hankey, G.J.; Eikelboom, J.W.; Baker, R.I.; Gelavis, A.; Hickling, S.C.; Jamrozik, K.; van Bockxmeer, F.M.; Vasikaran, S.; Chen, C.; Eikelboom, J.W.; Lees, K.R.; Yi, Q.; Hankey, G.J.; Algra, A.; Chen, C.; Wong, M.C.; Cheung, R.; Wong, I.; Divjak, I.; Ferro, J.; De Freitas, G.; Gommans, J.; Groppa, S.; Hill, M.; Spence, J.D.; Lees, K.R.; Lisheng, L.; Navarro, J.; Ranawaka, U.; Ricci, S.; Schmidt, R.; Slivka, A.; Tan, A.; Tsiskaridze, A.; Uddin, W.; Vanhooren, G.; Xavier, D.; Armitage, J.; Hobbs, M.; Le, M.; Sudlow, C.; Wheatley, K.; Yi, Q.; Brown, W.; Bulder, M.; Eikelboom, J.W.; Hankey, G.J.; Ho, W.K.; Jamrozik, K.; Klijn, C.J.; Koedam, E.; Langton, P.; Nijboer, E.; Tuch, P.; Pizzi, J.; Tang, M.; Alaparthi, R.; Antenucci, M.; Chew, Y.; Chinnery, C.; Cockayne, C.; Holt, R.; Loh, K.; McMullin, L.; Mulholland, G.; Nahoo, B.; Read, E.; Smith, F.; Yip, C.Y.; Hankey, G.J.; Loh, K.; Crimmins, D.; Davis, T.; England, M.; Rakic, V.; Schultz, D.W.; Frayne, J.; Bladin, C.; Kokkinos, J.; Dunbabin, D.; Harper, J.; Rees, P.; Warden, D.; Levi, C.; Parsons, M.; Russell, M.; Spratt, N.; Clayton, P.; Nayagam, P.; Sharp, J.; Grainger, K.; De Wytt, C.; McDougall, A.; Donnan, G.A.; Grimley, R.; Neynens, E.; Reinhart, B.; Ropele, S.; Schmidt, R.; Stögerer, E.; Dedeken, P.; Schelstraete, C.; Vanhooren, G.; Veyt, A.; Andre, C.; De Freitas, G.R.; Gomes, S.E.; Mok, V.C.; Wong, A.; Wong, L.K.; Cheung, R.T.; Li, L.S.; Pais, P.; Xavier, D.; Joshi, S.; Parthasaradhi, S.; Roy, A.K.; Varghese, R.V.; Kochar, K.; Panwar, R.B.; Chidambaram, N.; Rajasekaharan, U.; Bala, S.; Pandian, J.D.; Singh, Y.; Karadan, U.; Salam, A.; Shivkumar, S.; Sundararajan, A.; Joshi, R.; Kalantri, S.P.; Singh, H.; Rath, A.; Balasubramanian, N.T.; Kalanidhi, A.; Babu, K.; Bharani, A.; Choudhary, P.; Jain, M.; Agarwal, A.; Singh, M.; Agarwal, R.R.; Gupta, R.; Kothari, S.; Mijar, S.; Wadia, R.S.; Paul, S.K.; Sekhar Nandi, S.; Mehndiratta, M.M.; Tukaram, U.; Mittal, K.; Rohatgi, A.; Kumar, S.; Vinayan, K.P.; Muralidharan, R.S.; Celani, M.G.; Favorito, I.; Mazzoli, T.; Ricci, S.; Righetti, E.; Blundo, M.; Carnemolla, A.; D'Asta, A.; Giordano, A.; Iemolo, F.; Favorito, L.; Mazzoli, T.; Ricci, S.; Righetti, E.; Gresele, P.; Guercini, F.; Caporalini, R.; De Dominicis, L.; Giovagnetti, M.; Giuliani, G.; Paoletti, S.; Pucci, E.; Cavallini, A.; Persico, A.; Casoni, F.; Costa, A.; Magoni, M.; Spezi, R.; Tortorella, R.; Venturelli, E.; Vergani, V.; Caprioli, S.; Provisione, M.; Zanotta, D.; Abdullah, J.M.; Damitri, T.; Idris, B.; Sayuthi, S.; Hong, J.J.; Tan, C.T.; Tan, K.S.; Dutca, G.; Grigor, V.; Groppa, S.; Manea, D.; Achterberg, S.; Algra, A.; Halkes, P.H.; Kappelle, L.J.; Boon, A.M.; Doelman, J.C.; Sips, R.; Visscher, F.; Kwa, V.I.; Ternede, O.A.; van der Sande, J.J.; Frendin, T.; Gommans, J.; Anderson, N.E.; Bennett, P.; Charleston, A.; Spriggs, D.; Singh, J.; Bourke, J.; Bucknell, R.; McNaughton, H.; Anwar, A.; Murtaza, H.; Uddin, W.; Ismail, J.; Khan, N.U.; Navarro, J.C.; Amor, V.G.; Canete, M.T.; Lim, C.; Ravelo, E.B.; Siguenza, M.; Villahermosa, M.O.; Siguenza, M.; Canete, M.T.; Cardino, M.J.; Cenabre, R.; Gara, M.; Salas, Z.; Batac, A.; Canete, M.T.; Conde, L.; Dumdum, P.; Garcia, F.S.; Libarnes, S.; Matig-a, N.; Olanda, N.; Arcenas, R.; Canete, M.T.; Loraña, A.; Surdilla, A.; Araullo, M.L.; Lokin, J.; Maylem, G.; Marques, E.; Veloso, M.; Correia, M.; Lopes, G.; Canhão, P.; Ferro, J.M.; Melo, T.P.; Dias, A.; Sousa, A.P.; Tsiskaridze, A.; Vashadze, T.; Divjak, I.; Papic, V.; Chang, H.M.; Chen, C.P.; de Silva, D.A.; Tan, E.K.; Ranawaka, U.K.; Wijesekera, J.C.; de Silva, H.A.; Wijekoon, C.N.; Dawson, U.K.; Higgins, P.; Lees, K.R.; MacDonald, L.; McArthur, K.; McIlvenna, Y.; Quinn, T.; Walters, M.; Curless, R.; Dickson, J.; Murdy, J.; Scott, A.; Cameron, S.; Darnley, K.; Dennis, M.; Lyle, D.; Hunter, A.; Watt, M.; Watt, M.; Wiggam, I.; Murdy, J.; Rodgers, H.; Dick, F.; Macleod, M.; McKenzie, A.; Jones, P.; Jones, S.; Hussain, M.; Albazzaz, M.K.; Elliott, K.; Hardware, B.; Bacabac, E.; Martin, H.; Sharma, A.; Sutton, V.; Baht, H.; Cowie, L.; Gunathilagan, G.; Hargrove, D.R.; Smithard, D.J.; Adrian, M.; Bath, P.; Hammonds, F.; Maguire, H.; Roff, C.; Datta-chaudhuri, M.; Diyazee, K.; Krishnamoorthy, S.; McNulty, K.; Okwera, J.; Hilaire, C.; Kelly, D.; Barron, L.; James, M.; Wedge, N.; Bruce, M.; Macleod, M.; Barber, M.; Esson, D.; Ames, D.; Chataway, J.; Bulley, S.; Jenkins, K.; Rashed, K.; Dafalla, B.E.; Venugopalan, T.C.; Ball, M.; Punnoose, S.; Justin, F.; Sekaran, L.; Sethuraman, S.; Goddard, H.; Howard, J.; McIlmoyle, J.; Diver-Hall, C.; McCarron, M.; McNicholl, M.P.; Clamp, B.; Hunter, J.; Oke, A.; Weaver, A.; Fraser, P.; McAlpine, C.; Chambers, J.; Dymond, H.; Saunders, G.; Langhorne, P.; Stott, D.; Wright, F.; Adie, K.; Bland, R.; Courtauld, G.; Harrington, F.; James, A.; Mate, A.; Schofield, C.; Wroath, C.; Duberley, S.; Punekar, S.; Niranjan, K.; Sandler, D.; Krishna, P.; Moussouttas, M.; Notestine, M.A.; Slivka, A.; Vallini, D.; Hwang, T.; Saverance, M.; Booth, K.; Murphy, D.
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that raised plasma concentrations of total homocysteine might be a risk factor for major vascular events. Whether lowering total homocysteine with B vitamins prevents major vascular events in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack is unknown. We aimed to assess whether the addition of once-daily supplements of B vitamins to usual medical care would lower total homocysteine and reduce the combined incidence of non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and death attributable to vascular causes in patients with recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack of the brain or eye. METHODS: In this randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients with recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack (within the past 7 months) from 123 medical centres in 20 countries to receive one tablet daily of placebo or B vitamins (2 mg folic acid, 25 mg vitamin B6, and 0.5 mg vitamin B12). Patients were randomly allocated by means of a central 24-h telephone service or an interactive website, and allocation was by use of random permuted blocks stratified by hospital. Participants, clinicians, carers, and investigators who assessed outcomes were masked to the assigned intervention. The primary endpoint was the composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. All patients randomly allocated to a group were included in the analysis of the primary endpoint. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00097669, and Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN74743444. FINDINGS: Between Nov 19, 1998, and Dec 31, 2008, 8164 patients were randomly assigned to receive B vitamins (n=4089) or placebo (n=4075). Patients were followed up for a median duration of 3.4 years (IQR 2.0-5.5). 616 (15%) patients assigned to B vitamins and 678 (17%) assigned to placebo reached the primary endpoint (risk ratio [RR] 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.00, p=0.05; absolute risk reduction 1.56%, -0.01 to 3.16). There were no unexpected serious adverse reactions and no significant differences in common adverse effects between the treatment groups. INTERPRETATION: Daily administration of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 to patients with recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack was safe but did not seem to be more effective than placebo in reducing the incidence of major vascular events. These results do not support the use of B vitamins to prevent recurrent stroke. The results of ongoing trials and an individual patient data meta-analysis will add statistical power and precision to present estimates of the effect of B vitamins. FUNDING: Australia National Health and Medical Research Council, UK Medical Research Council, Singapore Biomedical Research Council, Singapore National Medical Research Council, Australia National Heart Foundation, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, and Health Department of Western Australia.
Bihar's pioneering school-based deworming programme: lessons learned in deworming over 17 million Indian school-age children in one sustainable campaign.
(San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science, 2015) Drake, L.J.; Singh, S.; Mishra, C.K.; Sinha, A.; Kumar, S.; Bhushan, R.; Hollingsworth, T.D.; Appleby, L.J.; Kumar, R.; Sharma, K.; Kumar, Y.; Raman, S.; Chakrabarty, S.; Kihara, J.H.; Gunawardena, N.K.; Hollister, G.; Kumar, V.; Ankur, A.; Prasad, B.; Ramachandran, S.; Fishbane, A.; Makkar, P.
The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths in Bihar state, India.
(Public Library of Science, 2015) Greenland, K.; Dixon, R.; Khan, S. A.; Gunawardena, K.; Kihara, J. H.; Smith, J. L.; Drake, L.; Makkar, P.; Raman, S.; Singh, S.; Kumar, S.
BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infect over a billion individuals worldwide. In India, 241 million children are estimated to need deworming to avert the negative consequences STH infections can have on child health and development. In February-April 2011, 17 million children in Bihar State were dewormed during a government-led school-based deworming campaign. Prior to programme implementation, a study was conducted to assess STH prevalence in the school-age population to direct the programme. The study also investigated risk factors for STH infections, including caste, literacy, and defecation and hygiene practices, in order to inform the development of complementary interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children in 20 schools in Bihar. In addition to providing stool samples for identification of STH infections, children completed a short questionnaire detailing their usual defecation and hand-hygiene practices. Risk factors for STH infections were explored. RESULTS: In January-February 2011, 1279 school children aged four to seventeen provided stool samples and 1157 children also completed the questionnaire. Overall, 68% of children (10-86% across schools) were infected with one or more soil-transmitted helminth species. The prevalence of ascariasis, hookworm and trichuriasis was 52%, 42% and 5% respectively. The majority of children (95%) practiced open defecation and reported most frequently cleansing hands with soil (61%). Increasing age, lack of maternal literacy and certain castes were independently associated with hookworm infection. Absence of a hand-washing station at the schools was also independently associated with A. lumbricoides infection. CONCLUSIONS: STH prevalence in Bihar is high, and justifies mass deworming in school-aged children. Open defecation is common-place and hands are often cleansed using soil. The findings reported here can be used to help direct messaging appropriate to mothers with low levels of literacy and emphasise the importance of water and sanitation in the control of helminths and other diseases.
The Impact of Physical Work Environment on Job Satisfaction: The Perceptions of the Clerical Staff at the University of Kelaniya
(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Hapuhinna, H. K. D. W. M. S. K.; Kumar, S.
The workforce within the service sector is rapidly increasing. Service sector employees spend much of their time in indoor office environments, which affect employee performance and employee wellbeing. Nonetheless, little empirical evidence is available from Sri Lanka to demonstrate the link between the physical work environments and job satisfaction. The present study is conducted to identify the different elements of the workspace and their association with job satisfaction. The environment comfort model postulates that environmental comfort can be conceptualised to include the three aspects, physical, functional and psychological comfort. Physical comfort is the minimal level of comfort required, followed by functional and psychological comfort in affecting employee satisfaction. Thus, the model is hierarchical in nature. Demographic characteristics of employees are expected to affect perceptions of comfort. The investigation was carried out through two studies, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. University of Kelaniya was selected as the study site and clerical and allied grade employees were selected as the population for both studies. Focus group discussions were used for data collection and relative levels of comfort for the three aspects were assessed. The highest satisfaction was with physical comfort, followed by functional and psychological comfort, which is consistent with the hierarchical nature of the environmental comfort model. The study used stratified random sampling. Demographic characteristics affected experiences of comfort; specifically, results showed male respondents reported higher environmental satisfaction than female employees. The results indicated a significant relationship between physical work environment and job satisfaction, but not with functional and psychological comfort. The findings were generally supportive of the environmental comfort model. The results support the hierarchical nature of environmental comfort and the significance of physical comfort in the job satisfaction of employees. The study highlights through qualitative data that all three levels of comfort are nevertheless important. The implications of the findings to managerial applications are also discussed.
Participation in extra-curricular activities as a predictor of task and contextual performance
(University of Kelaniya, 2008) Jayathilake, T.M.G.M.; Kumar, S.
Sales performance and goal orientations for task and social achievement
(University of Kelaniya, 2008) Gunawardana, D.K.H.H.; Kumar, S.
What makes teams work: leader- member relationship quality and employee performance and job attitudes
(University of Kelaniya, 2008) de Mel, W.L.I.; Kumar, S.