Browsing by Author "Jayamanne, B.D.W."

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Contraceptive knowledge among first year students of Science, Commerce and Arts streams of University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Jayathilake, D.L.A.A.; Jayathissa, P.H.T.N.; Jayaweera, P.H.S.; Karunathilake, S.C; Kularatne, B.M.N.D; Jayamanne, B.D.W.
Introduction: Because of biological, psychological and social changes during puberty, youth is a period characterised of impulsiveness and risk-taking which results in risky sexual behaviours. Therefore, there is a timely need to assess the knowledge about contraception and sexually transmitted infections at the University entrance. Objectives: Assess the contraceptive and STI knowledge among the first-year undergraduates of Science, Commerce, Arts streams of University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried by taking the study population as first year undergraduates from Science, Commerce, Arts by distributing a questionnaire as a Google form and randomly selected 128 responses from each stream to get the sample size of 384, they were analysed using R software. Kruskal- Wallis test was used for comparison of knowledge. Results: 384 respondents were included in the analysis. 60% were males and mean age was 21.45 years. Median contraceptive knowledge and STI knowledge of different faculties were significantly different (p<0.05). In gender-wise comparison, marks for both contraceptive and STI knowledge was higher in males than females. But only median STI knowledge was significantly higher in males (p<0.05). Conclusions: 61% of the participants had a good knowledge regarding contraception. There was a median knowledge difference between Science, Commerce and Arts streams. 68% of the participants had a good knowledge regarding STI. But there was no significant median difference between Arts and Commerce streams.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the type D personality scale for use with patients diagnosed with Ischemic heart disease in Sri Lanka
(The Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2021) Walpita Gamage, C.K.; de Zoysa, P.; Balasuriya, A.; Fernando, N.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.
INTRODUCTION: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), a major cardiovascular disease globally, has become the primary cause of death in Sri Lanka. Negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) are two personality traits which increase the risk of IHD. The Type D Scale (DS-14) evaluates a person’s general level of distress on NA and SI. However, DS-14 has not been translated and validated into Sinhala in Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the DS-14 for use with Sinhala speaking patients diagnosed with IHD. METHODS: Translation, back translation and pre-test were conducted before a two-rounds of a Delphi process which assessed content and consensual validity of the instrument. The validated questionnaires were administered to 140 patients diagnosed with IHD at a Base Hospital. Factor structure was confirmed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and reliability, by internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. RESULTS: The questionnaire was administered among 140 participants (85 females), aged 18-60 years. The DS-14 Sinhala version showed good content and consensual validity. Factor analysis proved two factors compatible with the original instrument, which explained the variance of 62.9%. CFA confirmed the two-factor model. The reliability analysis indicated Cronbach’s alpha for NA and SI as 0.93 and 0.88, respectively. CONCLUSION: The cross-culturally adapted DS-14 Sinhala version indicated the same psychometric properties as the original instrument, in the local context with IHD patients. It can be confidently applied in the investigation of Type D personality in IHD prevention and treatment, as well as in research. KEYWORDS: Ischemic Heart Disease, Type D Personality, DS-14
Depression, anxiety and stress among nursing officers in a dedicated hospital for COVID patients in Sri Lanka: A Single institute experience
(Professional Medical Publications, Pakistan, 2022) Pathiraja, P.D.M.; Srikanthi, W.S.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.; de Silva, H.S.
The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression, among nurses working in a tertiary hospital dedicated to the COVID-19 patients in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was carried out among nurses working at Colombo East Base Hospital. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and DASS-21, a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress over three months from October 2020. Data were analysed applying descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods. There was a total of 131 study participants (response rate 83 %), and most of them were working in general wards (56%), while 42% were in critical care units. The proportion of anxiety and stress is associated with nurses working in critical care units were significantly higher than those in general wards (p<0.001). There were no associations between sex, marital status, having children, experience, qualifications, and medical or psychiatric conditions (p>0.05). The system of reporting mental health issues was unfortunately not in place. Staff felt that reporting stress/burnout or anxiety might seem like a negative attribute. Considering the above factors, one would expect more prevalence than we have seen in this study; therefore, we can infer that if mental health is not prioritised in healthcare institutions, then definitely lack of awareness/openness and under-reporting by staff will result in a long-term systemic problem (Suffering in the name of Resilience).
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with Red-Vented Bulbul: a new encounter of bird related hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
(Hindawi Pub. Corp., 2019) Amarasinghe, W.D.N.L.; Jayasekara, R.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.; Nalaka, T.D.K.; Amarasiri, W.A.D.L.; Punchihewa, R.; Fernando, A.
Bird related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is becoming more common than other forms of HP around the world. We present two cases of HP, associated with exposure to visiting birds which had nested within their homes in semi urban areas of Colombo, Sri Lanka. A 65-year-old female (case 1) and a 61-year-old male (case 2) presented to the chest clinic complaining of gradually progressive and persistent chronic dry cough and dyspnoea during the year 2018. Both were found to have close contact with red-vented bulbuls (Konda kurulla) in their homes for more than 6 months prior to onset of symptoms and denied any other risk exposures in detail history taking. In both patients, high-resolution computed tomography chest (HRCT) showed centrilobular nodules of ground glass density with significant lobular air trapping. Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATs) lung biopsy of case 1 showed patchy and focal interstitial thickening with lymphocytic infiltrate, minimal fibrosis, and few noncaseating granulomata within the interstitium. Transbronchial lung biopsy of case 2 showed thickened alveolar septae with lympho-histiocytic infiltrate and occasional neutrophils and eosinopils. Both showed severe reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC) at presentation. Multidisciplinary diagnosis of HP associated with red-vented bulbuls was made. Both achieved good improvement in clinical, lung function, and radiological assessment following removal of offending antigen exposure and treatment with oral corticosteroids.
Neonatal venolymphatic malformation with spontaneous parotid duct rupture: first case report.
(Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd, 2022) Gamage, D.C.T.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.; Quasim, S.F.; Kailidis, K.; Olabi, A.
Disorders of salivary glands especially the parotid gland very rare among neonates and children other than cytomegaly and parotitis epidermica. Venolymphatic malformations are very rare in children. Such presentation around the parotid region yet to be reported. This case report describes a rare presentation of a neonatal venolymphatic malformation on the parotid duct. A 4-week-old termly delivered male infant referred to by a general practitioner bruising over the left buccal area for 1 day from non-consanguine healthy parents. On examination a bluish discoloration in the buccal mucosa over a firm mildly tender area without signs of inflammation was seen. Ultrasound examination of the lesion showed fluid and solid soft tissue suggestive of haematoma and magnetic resonance imaging scan confirmed the rupture of the parotid duct with venolymphatic malformation. The child has been referred to the vascular malformation clinic and plastic surgical clinic in a tertiary care hospital for follow-up.
An online study of knowledge and practices of local anesthetic systemic toxicity among doctors in Sri Lanka.
(Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care, 2022) Munasinghe, B.M.; Subramaniam, N.; Srisothinathan, N.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.
Background: Inadvertent over-dosage or intravascular injections may still lead to systemic toxicity. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) could be potentially life threatening. This study focused on the current knowledge and practices in use of LA by the doctors in Sri Lanka and their ability to detect and manage an event of LAST. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors in Sri Lanka using an online self-administered questionnaire based on AAGBI guidelines (2010). Descriptive statistics were analyzed by cross-tabulations and presented as numbers and percentages using IBM-SPSS 25. Results: The response rate was 60% out of 600 doctors. Majority were males (58%) while 45% of the respondents were anesthetists. Ultrasound was used by 47.4% during specific LA use. The majority (74%) considered total body weight for dose calculations. Around 50% of the respondents identified bupivacaine as the most cardiotoxic. The majority (77%) utilized some form of monitoring and were knowledgeable on identification, prevention and initial management of LAST. Approximately 45% identified Intralipid (ILE) as the definitive treatment of LAST, out of which, 66.8% knew the correct dose, 77.2% and 26.5%, the availability and the location of the stored drug, respectively. Conclusion: The basic knowledge about LAST was satisfactory among the respondents. A statistically significant difference on knowledge on maximum safe doses of LA, ILE in established LAST, its dosage and the availability was identified between anesthetists and non-anesthesia doctors; and postgraduate trainees and the rest of the doctors. Overall, significant lapses were noted with regard to the use of total body weight for dose calculations, use of ultrasound during LA administration and dosage, availability and storage of the definitive therapy and ILE. © 2022 Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS. All rights reserved.
Predictive value of hepatic transaminases during febrile phase as a predictor of a severe form of dengue: analysis of adult dengue patients from a tertiary care setting of Sri Lanka
(Biomed Central, 2021) Priyangika, D.K.D.; Premawansa, G.; Adikari, M.; Thillainathan, S.; Premawansa, S.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.; Premaratna, R.
OBJECTIVES: Dengue viral infection is an ongoing epidemic in Sri Lanka, causing significant mortality and morbidity. A descriptive-analytical study was carried out using serologically confirmed Dengue patients during a 6-month period. The relationship between the elevation of hepatic enzymes and severity of Dengue was assessed after stratifying recorded maximum AST/ALT (SGOT/SGPT) values 2-15 times elevated and by the phases of the illness. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and ROC curves were assessed using maximum values for AST and ALT. RESULTS: Out of 255 patients, 107(42%) were females. The majority (52.9%) were in the 20-39-year age group. Only 19.6% had DHF. No statistically significant difference was noticed in the values of maximum transaminases during the febrile phase among DF and DHF patients. Higher sensitivity and low specificity with the 1-5 times elevation range was noticed, and a higher cut-off level of more than 5 times elevation showed low sensitivity and higher specificity. The combination of both transaminases cut-offs with age and sex also does not show clinically significant predictability of severe disease. The AST and ALT elevations are not showing discriminatory predictive value on dengue severity. As different serotypes cause different epidemics, it is important to carry out large-scale specific studies considering the serotypes. KEYWORDS: And liver enzymes; Dengue; Dengue severity prediction; Transaminases in Dengue.
Primary school teachers' readiness in identifying children with dyslexia: A national survey in Sri Lanka
(John Wiley & Sons, 2021) Peries, W.A.N.N.; Indrarathne, B.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.; Wickramasekara, T.D.; Alwis, K.A.C.; Jayatilleke, A.U.
ABSTRACT: Primary school teachers should be able to identify struggling learners who may have dyslexia type learning difficulties, in order to facilitate early intervention. Considering this importance, a nationwide survey was conducted in Sri Lanka with 705 primary school teachers among randomly selected schools in order to investigate teacher readiness to identify learners with dyslexia. Teacher readiness was measured based on three variables (a) teachers' self-reported basic knowledge of dyslexia, (b) their self-reported awareness of local tools and processes used to identify dyslexia and (c) their self-reported attitudes towards engaging in identifying dyslexia. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the participants had minimal readiness to engage in identifying learners with dyslexia. However, most of them showed positive attitudes towards actively engaging in identifying dyslexia. KEYWORDS: attitudes; awareness; dyslexia; identifying; knowledge; readiness.
Stigma related to mental health issues – a study among adolescents in Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka College of Psychiatrists, 2020) Attygalle, U.R.; Perera, H.; Jayamanne, B.D.W.
INTRODUCTION: It is well known that stigma is a key contributory factor for delayed help seeking in mental health issues. This in turn has led to poor outcomes amongst those who suffer from mental health issues. In Sri Lanka, large studies on stigma amongst adolescents are limited. AIMS: This study aims to describe the attributes of stigma in relation to selected mental health issues amongst adolescents. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study focusing on data collected from 1002 adolescents. The data was collected using a questionnaire based on the Children's Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-8-C). Case vignettes depicting depression with suicidal ideation, social phobia, psychosis and a physical health issue, namely diabetes, was used. RESULTS: The study revealed that the likelihood of providing help was significantly higher with regards to mental health issues compared to diabetes (p<0.001), while the likelihood of avoiding a mental health patient was higher in psychosis compared to the other vignettes (p<0.001). Those with a personal or family history of mental health issues had a higher tendency of avoiding or being angered by such patients, or considering the person in the mental health vignette to be dangerous (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents in this cohort stated they were more likely to help in the case of a person with a mental health issue, compared to someone with diabetes. They were more likely to stay away from those with psychosis, compared to those with other mental health issues. Exposure to mental health issues did not appear to lower the stigma associated with these disorders. KEYWORDS: Adolescents, Stigma, Attitudes, Mental health