Browsing by Author "Ismail, M.M."

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Anopheles (Cellia) culicifacies: a potential vector of bancroftian filariasis in Sri Lanka
(Museum and Reference Centre, SEAMEO-TROPMED National Centre of Thailand, 1987) Abeyewickreme, W.; Hewadikaram, K.A.; Weerasena, K.H.; Premaratne, U.N.; Ismail, M.M.
Anopheles (Cellia) tessellatus; an efficient laboratory vector of Bancroftian filariasis in Sri Lanka
(Museum and Reference Centre, SEAMEO-TROPMED National Centre of Thailand, 1985) Abeyewickreme, W.; Ismail, M.M.
Control of intestinal helminthiasis in pregnancy – the Sri Lankan experience
(World Health Organization, 2003) Ismail, M.M.; Atukorala, T.M.S.; Naotunna, T.S; de Silva, N.R.; Hettiarachchi, I.
Effect of ivermectin on the development of Wuchereria bancrofti in the vector
(Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 1992) Abeyewickreme, W.; Ismail, M.M.; Premaratne, U.N.; Dissanaike, A.S.
Effect of mebendazole therapy in pregnancy on birth outcome
(Lancet Publishing Group, 1999) de Silva, N.R.; Sirisena, J.; Gunasekera, D.P.S.; Ismail, M.M.; de Silva, H.J.
BACKGROUND: In areas endemic for hookworm, routine antenatal mebendazole therapy could greatly reduce the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy. At present, however, this is not a widely accepted control strategy because of a lack of data on the safety of the drug. We assessed the effect of mebendazole therapy during pregnancy on birth outcome. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in Sri Lanka, where prescription of mebendazole to women in the second trimester of pregnancy is recommended. Two hospitals were chosen for the study, and women who gave birth there between May, 1996, and March, 1997, were recruited. We compared the rates of major congenital defects, stillbirth, perinatal death, and low birthweight (less or equal 1500 g) among babies of mothers who had taken mebendazole during pregnancy with those whose mothers had not taken an anthelmintic (controls). FINDINGS: The rate of major congenital defects was not significantly higher in the mebendazole group than in the control group (97 [1.8 percent] of 5275 vs 26 [1.5 percent] of 1737; odds ratio 1.24 [95 percent CI 0.8-1.91], p equal 0.39). Among 407 women who had taken mebendazole in the first trimester (contrary to medical advice), 10 (2.5 percent) had major congenital defects (odds ratio vs controls 1.66 [0.81-3.56], p equal 0.23). The proportions of stillbirths and perinatal deaths were significantly lower in the mebendazole group (1.9 vs 3.3 percent, 0.55 [95 percent CI 0.4-0.77]), as was the proportion of low-birthweight babies (1.1 vs 2.3 percent 0.47 [95 percent CI 0.32-0.71]). INTERPRETATION: Mebendazole therapy during pregnancy is not associated with a significant increase in major congenital defects, but our results indicate that it should be avoided during the first trimester. This therapy could offer beneficial effects to pregnant women in developing countries, where intestinal helminthiases are endemic.
Efficacy of single dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis
(Oxford University Press, 1998) Ismail, M.M.; Jayakody, R.L.; Weil, G.J.; Nirmalan, N.; Jayasinghe, K.S.A.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Sheriff, M.M.R.; Rajaratnam, H.N.; Amarasekera, N.; de Silva, D.C.; Michalski, M.L.; Dissanaike, A.S.
In a 'blind' trial on 50 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with Wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of a single dose of albendazole (alb) 600 mg alone or in combination with ivermectin (iver) 400 microg/kg or diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) 6 mg/kg was compared with a single dose of the combination DEC 6 mg/kg and iver 400 micro g/kg over a period of 15 months after treatment. All but one subject, with 67 micro filariae (mf)/mL, had pre-treatment counts 100 mf/mL. All 4 treatments significantly reduced mf counts, but alb/iver was the most effective regimen for clearing mf from night blood: 9 of 13 subjects (69 percent) were amicro filaraemic by membrane filtration 15 months after treatment compared to one of 12 (8 percent), 3 of 11 (27 percent), and 3 of 10 (30 percent) in the groups treated with alb, alb/DEC, and DEC/iver, respectively. Filarial antigen tests suggested that all 4 treatments had significant activity against adult W. bancrofti; alb/DEC had the greatest activity according to this test, with antigen levels decreasing by 77percent 15 months after therapy. All 4 regimens were well tolerated and clinically safe, although mild, self-limited systemic reactions were observed in all treatment groups. These results suggest that alb/iver is a safe and effective single dose regimen for suppression of micro filaraemia in bancroftian filariasis that could be considered for control programmes. Additional benefits of this combination are its potent, broad spectrum activity against intestinal helminths and potential relative safety in areas of Africa where DEC cannot be used for filariasis control because of co-endemicity with onchocerciasis or loiasis
An Eosinophilic granuloma containing an adult female Wuchereria bancrofti in a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
(Oxford University Press, 1992) Perera, C.S.; Perera, L.M.; de Silva, C.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Dissanaike, A.S.; Ismail, M.M.
No Abstract Available
Established, emerging and potential parasitic zoonoses in Sri Lanka
(Elsevier, 1998) Abeyewickreme, W.; Wijesundara, M.; Weerasooriya, M.M.V.; Naotunna, T. de S.; de Silva, N.R.; Ismail, M.M.; Dissanaike, A.S.
Established, emerging and potential parasitic zoonoses in Sri Lanka
(Elsevier, 1998) Abeyewickreme, W.; de Wijesundara, M.; Weerasooriya, M.V.; Naotunne, T.de S.; de Silva, N.R.; Ismail, M.M.; Dissanaike, A.S.
No abstract available
Human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in Sri Lanka
(Roma, Istituto di Parassitologia, Città Universitaria, 1997) Dissanaike, A.S.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Wijesundera, M. de S.; Weerasooriya, M.V.; Ismail, M.M.
Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens is a common zoonotic infection in Sri Lanka. Todate 70 cases are on record, and they include 3 expatriates from Russia, England and Korea, who were undoubtedly infected in Sri Lanka. Around 30-60% of dogs are infected with D. repens in various parts of the country and the mosquito vectors are Aedes aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Mansonia uniformis and M. annulifera. Unlike in other countries of the old world infection is most common in children under the age of 9 years, the youngest being 4 months old and the scrotum, penis and perianal regions of male children appear to be frequent sites for the worms. Dirofilaria (Dirofilaria) immitis is not present in Sri Lanka though it is present in neighbouring countries like India, and Malaysia.
Human infection with Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in Sri Lanka
(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 1993) Dissanaike, A.S.; Premaratne, U.N.; Hettiarachchi, S.; Weerasooriya, M.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Ismail, M.M.
Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens is a common zoonotic infection in Sri Lanka. Todate 70 cases are on record, and they include 3 expatriates from Russia, England and Korea, who were undoubtedly infected in Sri Lanka. Around 30-60% of dogs are infected with D. repens in various parts of the country and the mosquito vectors are Aedes aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Mansonia uniformis and M. annulifera. Unlike in other countries of the old world infection is most common in children under the age of 9 years, the youngest being 4 months old and the scrotum, penis and perianal regions of male children appear to be frequent sites for the worms. Dirofilaria (Dirofilaria) immitis is not present in Sri Lanka though it is present in neighbouring countries like India, and Malaysia.
On an infection of a human eye with Parastrongylus (= Angiostrongylus) sp. in Sri Lanka
(London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1993) Durette-Desset, M.C.; Chabaud, A.G.; Cassim, M.H.; Ismail, M.M.; Premaratne, U.N.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Dissanaike, A.S.
A metastrongyle worm extracted from the anterior chamber of the right eye of a patient in Sri Lanka belongs to the genus Parastrongylus and probably to a yet undescribed species, related to P. cantonensis well known to infect man. It is mostly a parasite of rodents, wandering in man and unadapted to this host. Evidence for this lack of adaptation are that the specimen is undergoing necrosis (teratological specimen) and is located in an organ with little immunological defences.
Prolonged clearence of microfilaraemia in patients with bancroftian filariasis after multiple high doses of ivermectin of diethylacarbamizine
(Oxford University Press, 1996) Ismail, M.M.; Weil, G.J.; Jayasinghe, K.S.A.; Premaratne, U.N.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Rajaratnam, H.N.; Sheriff, M.M.R.; Perera, C.S.; Dissanaike, A.S.
In a double-blind trial on 37 asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects (minimum 400 microfilariae [mf] per mL) with Wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and macrofilaricidal efficacy of 12 fortnightly doses of ivermectin, 400 microg/kg (ivermectin group), was compared with 12 fortnightly doses of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), 10 mg/kg (DEC group), over a period of 129 weeks after treatment. A control group (LDIC group) was treated with low dose ivermectin to clear microfilaraemia, for ethical reasons. Both ivermectin and DEC in high multiple doses were well tolerated and clinically safe. Macrofilaricidal efficacy was assessed by prolonged clearance of microfilaraemia, appearance of local lesions, and reduction of circulating W. bancrofti adult antigen detected by an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunoassay based on the monoclonal antibody AD12. Mf counts fell more rapidly after ivermectin than after DEC, but low residual mf levels were equivalent in these groups after week 4. Conversely, filarial antigen levels fell more rapidly after DEC than after ivermectin, but low residual antigen levels in these groups were statistically equivalent at all times beyond 12 weeks. Mild, self-limited systemic reactions to therapy were observed in all 3 treatment groups. Local reactions, such as development of scrotal nodules, were observed in several subjects in the DEC and ivermectin groups. These results suggested that high dose ivermectin and DEC both had significant macrofilaricidal activity against W. bancrofti, but neither of these intensive therapeutic regimens consistently produced complete cures. Thus, new drugs or dosing schedules are needed to achieve the goal of killing all filarial parasites in the majority of patients.
Second case of ocular parastrongyliasis from Sri Lanka
(Oxford University Press, 1998) Wariyapola, D.; Goonesinghe, N.; Priyamanna, T.H.H.; Fonseka, C.; Ismail, M.M.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Dissanaike, A.S.
No Abstract available
Treatment of bancroftian filariasis with ivermectin in Sri Lanka, evaluation of efficacy and adverse reaction
(Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 1991) Ismail, M.M.; Premaratne, U.N.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Jayasinghe, K.S.A.; de Silva, W.A.S.; Atukorala, S.; de Abrew, K.; Dissanaike, A.S.