Browsing by Author "Galhena, P."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Adaptation and validation of a Sinhala version of the radbound oral motor inventory (ROMP) for Parkinson's disease
(Medknow, 2022) Gamage, P.D.M.H.; Mohideen, M.S.; Galhena, P.; Weerasinghe, N.; Kumbukage, M.P.; Herath, T.; Senanayake, S.; Sirisena, D.; Senanayake, S.J.; Gooneratne, I.K.
Background: The Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's disease (ROMP) is a patient-rated assessment measuring patients' perceptions of speech, swallowing, and saliva control among patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Objective: The present study was carried out to adapt and validate the Sinhala version of the ROMP questionnaire in a Sinhala-speaking patient cohort diagnosed with IPD. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of patients diagnosed with IPD attending a tertiary care neurology clinic at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. ROMP was translated from English to Sinhala, and an expert committee verified its content. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the Sinhala ROMP scores with the subscales in speech, salivation, and swallowing of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and with five-point Likert-type scale to assess dysarthria, dysphagia, and drooling by a speech and language therapist. Test-retest reproducibility was assessed by repeating the questionnaire in 2 weeks. Results: A cohort of 21 patients was evaluated (male to female ratio = 2.5:1, mean age was 58.8 [±8.3] years). The Spearman's correlations between ROMP and the Likert-type scale assessment, that is, speech r = 0.85 (P < 0.01), swallowing r = 0.86 (P < 0.01), and drooling r = 0.88 (P < 0.01), and subscales of the UPDRS were statistically significant, that is, speech r = 0.75 (P < 0.01), swallowing r = 0.96 (P < 0.01), and salivation r = 0.94 (P < 0.01). Reproducibility of the three domains and total intraclass correlation coefficients indicated a high level of agreement in test-retest reproducibility (range: 0.98-0.99). The three subdomains of the instrument also had excellent internal consistency (total Cronbach's α = 0.99). Conclusion: The Sinhala version of ROMP has proved to be a good assessment tool for dysphagia, dysarthria, and drooling in the early stage of IPD patients.
Anti-hepatocarcinogenic and anti-oxidant effects of mangrove plant scyphiphora hydrophyllace
(Medknow Publications and Media, 2017) Samarakoon, S.R.; Shanmuganathan, C.; Ediriweera, M.K.; Piyathilaka, P.; Tennekoon, K.H.; Thabrew, I.; Galhena, P.; de Silva, E.D.
CONTEXT: Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea is a shrub mangrove plant of the family Rubiaceae and not yet been studied for anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects. OBJECTIVES: We investigated possible in vitro anti-hepatocarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of S. hydrophyllacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dried leaves of S. hydrophyllacea were sequentially extracted into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol and tested for cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and sulforhodamine B assays, and for antioxidant activities by the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in all four extracts. The hexane and chloroform extracts were tested for pro-apoptotic properties in HepG2 cells, and bioactive components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. RESULTS: The hexane and chloroform extracts showed dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects. Morphological changes observed under fluorescence microscope related to apoptosis, and significant (P < 0.001) increases in caspase 3 and 9 levels were observed in hexane and chloroform extract-treated cells. Slight DNA fragmentation was observed only in response to the chloroform extract. mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax were significantly upregulated by low doses of hexane and chloroform extracts. Highest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanol extract. GC-MS profiles identified 24 and four major compounds in the hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively. These included some known anticancer compounds such as lupeol. CONCLUSION: Cytotoxicity, antioxidant effects, and apoptosis-related changes exerted by hexane and chloroform extracts of S. hydrophyllacea concluded that these two extracts are good source for isolation of possible anticarcinogenic compounds. SUMMARY: The hexane and chloroform extracts of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea showed dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects.Morphological changes related to apoptosis and significant (P < 0.001) increases in caspase 3 and 9 levels were observed in hexane and chloroform extract-treated cells.mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax were significantly upregulated by low doses of hexane and chloroform extracts.Highest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanol extract.GC-MS profiles identified 24 and four major compounds in the hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively. Abbreviation used: DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma, GAE: gallic acid equivalents, SRB: sulforhodamine B, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, AO/EB: acridine orange/ethidium bromide, GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration; QE: quercetin equivalents, HE: hexane extract, CE: chloroform extract, EAE: ethyl acetate extract, ME: methanolic extract, TPC: total polyphenol content, TFC: total flavonoid content, ANOVA: Analysis of variance.
Complex Y chromosome anomalies in an infertile male
(Brazilian Society of Assisted Reproduction,, 2020) Kaluarachchi, N.P.; Randunu, M. H.; Jainulabdeen, M.; Thavarajah, A.; Padeniya, P.; Galhena, P.
ABSTRACT: Y chromosome anomalies are closely associated with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a major etiology in male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and Y chromosome microdeletions are some of the well-identified genetic defects in this regard, while Y chromosome aneuploidies have been reported to be susceptive. We report the rare case of a patient presenting with three complex genetic defects: mosaic Y chromosome aneuploidy; loss of the heterochromatin region in the q arm of the Y chromosome (Yqh-); and azoospermia factor C subregion (AZFc) microdeletion. The patient reported he had been subfertile for five years. Semen analysis confirmed total azoospermia along with an unaffected hormonal profile for serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin levels. Since the microdeletion analysis of azoospermia factor (AZF) region revealed the presence of three microdeletions in the AZFc region, the patient was offered intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) upon the retrieval of sperm by testicular sperm extraction (TESE) as the best possible assisted reproductive treatment (ART) option. It was further suggested to carry out pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) in order to facilitate the transfer of only female embryos, thus preventing the dissemination of Y chromosomal anomalies. KEYWORDS: AZF microdeletion; Y chromosome anomalies; azoospermia; male infertility.