Browsing by Author "Fernando, P."

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Adoption of information technology to productivity changes in the Sri Lankan banking industry
(Department of Accountancy, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Fernando, P.
The rapidly increasing use of computers in producing and delivering goods and services has spurred a large literature on the effects of information technologies (IT) on productivity growth (Casolaro & Gobbi, 2004). Information and communication technology (ICT) can be considered the key factor driving economic growth in industrial societies. Investing in IT is widely regarded as having enormous potential for reducing costs, enhancing productivity, and improving living standards (Hajl, Sims, & Ibragimov, 2013). In recent years, greater competition in SL banking has been driven by technological change, internationalization and globalization of financial services, higher demand for banking services and deregulation and privatization of the industry (Figueira, Nellis, & Parker, 2009). The Internet has provided an environment in which information can travel across organizational and geographical boundaries (Dasgupta, Sarkis, & Talluri, 1999). Comparison of ICT investment to all other expenditures connected with the production process illustrates the growing significance of ICT in the modern economy as a factor of production (Hajl, Sims, & Ibragimov, 2013). The purpose this research is to observe whether Information technology is an indicator of a poductivity. The sample for this research will be obtained from the Sri Lankan listed commercial banks. The objective of this research is to findout to identify relationship between information technology and productivity changes.
Anatomic description of the distal great saphenous vein to facilitate peripheral venous access during resuscitation: a cadaveric study
(BioMed Central,London, 2023) Senevirathne, S.A.M.D.R.U.; Nimana, H.K.V.; Pirannavan, R.; Fernando, P.; Salvin, K.A.; Liyanage, U.A.; Malalasekera, A.P.; Mathangasinghe, Y.; Anthony, D.J.
The distal great saphenous vein is a popular site for venous access by means of percutaneous cannulation or venous cutdown in a hemodynamically unstable patient. The aim of this study was to precisely define the surface anatomy and dimensions of the distal part of the great saphenous vein to facilitate the aforementioned procedures. Cross-sectional anatomy of the distal saphenous vein was studied in 24 cadaveric ankles sectioned at a horizontal plane across the most prominent points of the medial and lateral malleoli. The curvilinear distance from the most prominent point of the medial malleolus to the center of the saphenous vein, its widest collapsed diameter and skin depth were obtained. The great saphenous vein was located at a mean distance of 24.4 ± 7.9 mm anterior to the medial malleolus. The mean widest collapsed diameter was 3.8 ± 1.5 mm. The mean distance from the skin surface to the vein was 4.1 ± 1.2 mm. These measurements could be used to locate the saphenous vein accurately, particularly in hemodynamically unstable patients with visually indiscernible veins.
An anatomical study of the tarsal tunnel: A cadaveric study
(University of Kelaniya, 2011) Karunanayake, A.; Hasan, R.; Salgado, S.; Salvin, K.A.; Fernando, P.; Ranaweera, L.; de Alwis, R.P.; Herath, S.; Senadipathy, C.; Mahawaththa, T.; Fernado, E.; Ilayperuma, I.
Tarsal tunnel is a passage formed between the flexor retinaculum and the underlying tarsal bones. Tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and the neurovascular bundle of the posterior compartment of the leg pass through this tunnel in separate fascial compartments. To relieve symptoms and signs of Tarsal tunnel syndrome, orthopedic surgeries and anesthetic nerve blocks are used. Therefore, knowing the anatomy of the tarsal tunnel is important to understand and manage conditions related to this region. The aim of this study, is to describe the morphology and its possible variations in a Sri Lankan population compared to what is described in standard anatomy text books. A descriptive study was carried out by dissecting 28 human cadavers available in the Department of Anatomy, University of Kelaniya. Typical anatomy was observed in 26 cadavers (92.85%) where tibialis posterior (TP), flexor digitorum longus (FDL),neurovascular bundle and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) were in separate compartments anterior to posterior respectively. In one cadaver (3.57%) FDL and FHL were in a single compartment. In another cadaver (3.57%) bifurcation of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus was observed passing through a separate compartment posterior to neurovascular bundle. Even though the majority of the results were in agreement with the typical description of the anatomy of the tarsal tunnel, a certain degree of variability was observed in this area. This knowledge will be of use to clinicians involved in procedures related to the tarsal tunnel.
Anomalies of the Lumbrical Muscles of the Hand
(University of Kelaniya, 2012) Ranaweera, L.; Hasan, R.; Salgado, S.; Karunanayake, A.; Salvin, K.A.; Fernando, P.; Fernando, E.; Wijesooriya, P.; Vithanage, S.
Introduction:The human hand occupies a unique position in evolution. The lumbrical muscles, one of the major constituents of intrinsic musculature in hand, play significantly greater role in the precision movements of the fingers. There are four cylindrical lumbrical muscles which rise from the four tendons of flexor digitorumprofundus (FDP) in the hand and pass along the radial side of the corresponding metacarpophalangeal joint to insert into the dorsal digital expansion of the medial four fingers. The first and second lumbricals are unipennate while the third and fourth lumbricals are bipennate. Anomalies of the attachments of the lumbricals are not uncommon and have a significant value in the design of surgical procedures. Objectives: To study the possible variations of lumbrical muscles and also document a relevant Sri Lankan study. Methodology:This research was carried out as a descriptive study in19 preserved human hands in the Departments of Anatomy, University of Kelaniya, Ragama. Results: In 9 (47.4%) hands the lumbricals were normal. Regarding the proximal attachments, the third lumbrial was unipennate in 3 (15.7%) whereas same architecture for the fourth lumbrical encountered was 2 (10.5%). Moreover, it was found that 1 (5.3%) of the second lumbricals was bipennate. Regarding the distal attachments, the split insertion of the third lumbrial and fourth lumbrical were observed as 2 (10.5%) and 1 (5.3%), respectively. Interestingly, 1 (5.3%) of the third lumbricals was inserted on the medial side of the middle finger. Conclusion: In our preliminary studyof lumbrical muscles of the hand, it was apparent that majority of the observations are comparable to previous research, while there were a higher percentage of proximal attachment variations than distal attachment variations in the study group.
A Descriptive study of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a tertiary care hospital
(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2008) Botheju, W.I.K.; Navaratne, A.C.R.; Somarathne, C.K.; Balasooriya, B.L.P.P.; Wijebandara, R.J.K.S.; Mandawala, M.B.S.N.; Ruwanpathirana, T.; Kasturiratne, K.T.A.A.; Hewawitharana, C.P.; Rathnasena, B.G.N.; Fernando, P.; Wijesinghe, P.S.; Premawardhena, A.
OBJECTIVE: The incidence and risk factors for DVT are not well established for the Sri Lankan population. Though believed to be an effective screening tool for DVT, the Well's Clinical score is not widely used in Sri Lankan hospitals. DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: Over a period of 8 months, a total of 23274 patients who presented to four units (including one general medical, one general surgical, one Gynaecology & Obstetrics, and the Orthopedic ward) of the North Colombo (Teaching) Hospital were screened for asymmetrical limb swelling more than 2 cm. The latter group were subjected to risk assessment for DVT, Well's scoring and CDU (Colour Duplex Ultrasound). RESULTS: Of the 23274 patients, 93 (0.4%) had unilateral limb swelling of which 12 (12.9%) were CDU confirmed to have DVT (0.5 per 1000). Limb swelling for more man two weeks was significantly commoner among DVT patients when compared to those without DVT (75% Vs 25.9%: p=0.001). None of the patients had been evaluated with the Well's score as a guide to refer for CDU by the relevant clinical teams. In 55 (59.1%) subjects, Well's score was 0 or less (minimum probability of DVT) and there were no subjects with DVT in this group. All 12 patients with DVT had a moderate or high probability Wells score. CONCLUSIONS: Overall incidence of DVT in the study population was lower than in other comparable published studies from Asia. Well's score which was underused by the clinicians is a highly sensitive screening tool for DVT.
Histology of the tendon sheath in tigger finger
(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2000) Fernando, P.; Hewavisenthi, S.J.de S.
OBJECTIVE: Describe the histology of the proximal end of the tendon sheath in trigger fingers, and to ascertain whether there is a rational basis for the use of local steroids in this condition. METHOD: Excised portions of tendon sheaths in 16 consecutive patients were submitted for routine histology. None of the patients had previous steroid injection or any intercurrent systemic disease. The specimens were assessed for evidence of acute and chronic inflammation. RESULTS: The age range of the patients was 29-68 (Median: 54) with 5 males and 11 females, and the duration of illness ranged from 3 weeks to 9 months. A total of 15 specimens were studied (one lost in processing). All the specimens were of fibrous tissue. None of the specimens showed infiltration with cells of acute inflammation, but 10 specimens showed mild chronic inflammation (less than 25 mononuclear cells per high power field). The other five showed moderate chronic inflammation (25-100 per high power field). CONCLUSIONS: The histology of the tendon sheath in trigger finger has not been previously studied. This study suggests that inflammation is not a dominant feature.
Microcytic anemia in children: Parallel screening for iron deficiency and Thalassemia provides a useful opportunity for Thalassemia prevention in low- and middle-income countries
(Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 2020) Mettananda, S.; Paranamana, S.; Fernando, R.; Suranjan, M.; Rodrigo, R.; Perera, L.; Vipulaguna, T.; Fernando, P.; Fernando, M.; Dayanath, B.K.T.P.; Costa, Y.; Premawardhena, A.
ABSTRACT:Microcytic anemia in children is commonly attributed to iron deficiency without attempting to find the cause. Inadequate investigations to exclude hemoglobinopathies lead to missed opportunities for identification of thalassemia carriers. Here we aim to describe the relative contribution of iron deficiency and thalassemia to microcytic anemia in children. This hospital-based prospective study was conducted at the Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka. All newly diagnosed patients with microcytic anemia were recruited and data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Full blood count, blood film, serum ferritin, c-reactive protein, quantification of hemoglobin sub-types and α-globin genotype were performed using 4 ml of venous blood. A total of 104 children (Male- 60.5%) were recruited. Iron deficiency was the cause for anemia in 49% whilst 16% and 10% had α- and β-thalassemia trait respectively. Seven (6.7%) children had co-existing iron deficiency and thalassemia trait while two coinherited α- and β-thalassemia trait. Children with β-thalassemia trait had significantly higher red cell count and lower mean corpuscular volume compared to children with iron deficiency. However, none of the red cell parameters were significantly different between children with α-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency. Iron deficiency contributes only to half of children with microcytic anemia; one-fourth had thalassemia trait. Co-existence of iron deficiency and thalassemia trait or co-inheritance of α- and β-thalassemia trait were found in 9%. Parallel investigation of children with microcytic anemia to diagnose iron deficiency and thalassemia provides an opportunity to identify thalassemia carriers which is beneficial for thalassemia prevention.
Morphology of the Thyroid Gland and its common variations
(12th Annual Research Symposium, University of Kelaniya, 2011) Hasan; Rizvi; de Alwis, R.P.; Herath, S.; Senadipathy, C.; Mahawaththa, T.; Karunanayake, A.; Salvin, K.A.; Fernando, P.; Ranaweera, L.; Fernado, E.; Ilayperuma, I.; Salgado, S.
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the anterior triangle of the neck across the midline. Many pathological conditions such as tumours and inflammatory diseases are associated with the thyroid gland. The incidence of thyroid diseases, with or without an indication for surgical intervention is a common occurrence in clinical practice. Hence an in-depth knowledge of the morphology of the thyroid gland and its variation is of paramount importance to clinicians. Literature surveys carried out do not reveal adequate studies relevant to the morphology of the thyroid gland and its variations in a Sri Lankan population. The aim of the study is to identify the morphology of the thyroid gland and its possible variations in the Sri Lankan population. A descriptive study was carried out by dissecting 31 human cadavers (12 female and 19 male) aged between 35-80 years in the Department of Anatomy, University of Kelaniya. Measurements were taken with Vernier Caliper. The results show thirty one thyroid glands (62 sides) were observed and measurements were taken. Average length, width and thickness of the right lateral lobes were 4.11cm, 1.25cm and 1.95 respectively. Average length, width and thickness of the left lateral lobes were 4.02cm, 1.13cm and 2.05cm respectively. Pyramidal lobe was found in 12 thyroid glands (38.7%), of which 4 were in females and 8 in males. Of these 12, in 9 glands pyramidal lobe was arising from the left lobe (75%) and the rest from the isthmus(25%). Only 83.33% of pyramidal lobes were associated with levator glandulae thyroidae and the rest were independent. Levator glandulae thyroidae was observed in 10 glands (32.25%). In three glands (9.67%) isthmus was found to be absent. Significant gender difference was not identified in the dimensions of the gland. No significant difference in dimensions was observed when compared to western figures. Presence of the pyramidal lobe is not an uncommon finding. Therefore, having a sound knowledge in morphology of the thyroid may reduce the unwarranted outcomes in thyroid surgeries in Sri Lanka.
Use and interpretation of phrases in histopathology reports
(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2005) Hewavisenthi, S.J.de S.; Fernando, P.
No abstract available.
Variations in the Termination of the Human Thoracic Duct
(University of Kelaniya, 2012) Hasan, R.; Salgado, S.; Karunanayake, A.; Salvin, K.A.; Fernando, P.; Ranaweera, L.; Vithanage, S.; Wijesooriya, P.; Ilayperuma, I.; Fernando, E.
Introduction: The mammalian thoracic duct is the main lymphatic channel which drains lymph from the distal extremities of the trunk, lower limbs and the left half of the proximal trunk. In humans, it runs a typical course commencing over the twelfth thoracic vertebra and ascends through the aortic orifice of the diaphragm. It inclines to the left at the level of the Sternal angle and terminates by draining into the left jugulosubclavian junction. Objectives: Variations from this typical course are not uncommon and have been the subject of extensive research. Knowledge of the possible variations in the thoracic duct would enable accurate thoraco- cervical surgery, thus preventing inadvertent damage to the thoracic duct and consequent leakage of chyle.This research is carried out with the aim ofenhancing the existing knowledge of the possible variations of termination of the human thoracic duct while also documenting a relevant Sri Lankan study. Methodology: This research was carried out as a descriptive study in36 preserved human cadavers in the Departments of Anatomy, the University of Kelaniya and the University of Ruhuna. Results: In 22 (61.11%) cadavers the thoracic duct drained into the left jugulosubclavian junction whereas in 11 (30.56%) cadavers it drained into the left subclavian vein. Moreover, in 2(5.56%) cadavers it drained into the left internal jugular vein. Interestingly, in 1 (2.77%) cadaver thoracic duct drained into both left subclavian vein and jugulosubclavian junction through the presence of a bifurcation. Conclusion: It was apparent that majority of the findings are comparable to previous research, while there were variations in the percentage incidence of the findings.