ICSS 2016
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14642
2024-03-28T12:07:34ZSolid Waste Management Through Community Mobilisation: A Case Study of Communicable Disease Management and Control in Sri Lanka.
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14833
Solid Waste Management Through Community Mobilisation: A Case Study of Communicable Disease Management and Control in Sri Lanka.
Karunathilake, K.
Dengue is a communicable disease which spreads through a virus that contaminates through a mosquito (Aedes species) mainly breeds in many discarded containers. As a result of modernisation and commercialisation of peoples’ livelihood patterns, commodities are packed in various types of containers, that they discard these containers into the environment irresponsibly making several health and environmental issues. Though, there is a method of collecting wastes from households by the local governance authorities (Pradeshiya Saba, Urban Councils, and Municipal Councils) there is no systematic way of handing over the garbage to collectors. The separation of solid waste and degradable waste is minimum and it makes a very complex issues of disposing the garbage. Especially, this is a common problem in all urbanized areas of Sri Lanka. Hence, communicable disease such as dengue has become an epidemic level in the recent history of Sri Lanka. The aim of the paper is to explore the research attempts done on solid waste management through a well-controlled community mobilization process and the results.
The objective of the research was to understand the relative importance of ecological, biological and sociological factors associated with different methods of waste management at household level and to identify appropriate intervention tools for the control of dengue in the district of Gampaha. This was mainly a qualitative study. However, the study team has made an effort to quantify certain finding using SPSS. Using both qualitative and quantitative findings it can be stated that the community mobilisation could be used for a proper and systematic way of solid waste management at household level which is minimizing the burden of local governing authorities in disposing waste. Especially, the methods introduced to households made several benefits such as preventing and controlling communicable diseases, increasing the possibility of growing organic vegetables at dwellings, community cohesiveness, and environmental sustainability. However, application of these research findings is a challenge since there are many institutional bottlenecks and barriers that need to pay especial attention.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZEfficacy of Constitutional Reform on Strengthening Good Governance Practice: A Case Study on 19th Amendment to the Constitution on Accountable Governance in Sri Lanka
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14832
Efficacy of Constitutional Reform on Strengthening Good Governance Practice: A Case Study on 19th Amendment to the Constitution on Accountable Governance in Sri Lanka
Abeysinghe, C.
During the recent past, issues related to the governance have been gaining much attention among the academics as well as policy makers. The failure of achieving anticipated development objectives and the burden of the newly emerging socio-economic needs have paved the way for governance reforms. Emergence of good governance reforms, particularly in developing word, became the bandwagon of the governance policy discourses in the end of the 1990s and first decades of the millennium. with thirty year protracted civil war in Sri Lanka seeks more accountable, corruption and waste free government after the conclusion of the war. This argument raised by the opposition alliance acknowledged the constituencies by changing the ruling regime. Newly appointed government brought the constitutional amendment into the constitution to establish the promised good governance atmosphere in Sri Lanka in 2015. This paper explore the efficacy of the constitutional reform introduced under the 19th amendment to the constitution on enhance the accountability of the governance in Sri Lanka. This is a case study and qualitative secondary data based research in nature.
This study reveal that, the legal and institutional reforms introduced under the 19th amendment to the constitution for strengthening accountability of the democratic government have paved the way for the institutional and procedural changes. The changes brought into the immunity of the president under the article 35 of the constitution and the establishment of Constitutional Commission, the Audit Service Commission, the Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption, The National Procurement Commission under the article 41 (B) can be shown for instance. However, whatever the legal, procedural and intuitional changes introduced, it is evident that most of them are related to strengthening accountability in the administration spheres. Therefore, this study brings policy suggestion that, in order to enhance the accountability of the democratic governance, its requires, the administrative accountability and the consolidation of the political accountability. For this government reforms must include election reforms which bring the check and balance between political and permeant executives and the people representatives and the constituencies simultaneously. Moreover, in order to sustain the accountability of the governance, such reform must be fit to prevailed political culture in Sri Lanka.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZDisaster Management Issues of Marginalized People in Flood Affected Areas in the City of Colombo and Its Surroundings: The Cases of Colombo and Gampaha Districts of Sri Lanka
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14831
Disaster Management Issues of Marginalized People in Flood Affected Areas in the City of Colombo and Its Surroundings: The Cases of Colombo and Gampaha Districts of Sri Lanka
Sakalasooriya, N.
This Study investigates the major issues of communities who have settled in flood prone areas in Colombo city and surrounding rural periphery in Gampaha District. Around 302,000 people in 22 districts in Sri Lanka have been affected due to the torrential rain and floods, according to the latest situation report from the Disaster Management Centre of Sri Lanka. The number of families affected is close to 75,000 with 104 deaths, 31 injured, 99 missing and damage to property totalling over 5,000. There are 210 safe locations housing over 6,000 individuals and 21,484 families. Key findings in an assessment by the Ministry of Disaster Management in the Colombo, and Gampaha districts said the May 2016 floods have caused the highest displacements widespread damage to productive assets, loss to livelihoods and agricultural and livestock production. This paper examines the gap between neediness of victims and disaster management process in 2016 flood disaster in Sri Lanka.
to examining the issues to fulfil the neediness of victims in city and its periphery, 09 Grama Niladhari Divisions (GNDs), five from Gamapaha district and four from Colombo District, have been selected as study areas. The study clarifies the issues, which are being faced by the flood victims in the study areas and attempts to disclose the weaknesses of post disaster management process to recover their livelihood. Qualitative approach is applied and focused group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations are the main data collecting methods. The study has done in month of August, two months after the severe flood event occurred in 2016. Most of the families got affected are living in geographically vulnerable areas such as low-lying lands, filled land, and brick quarries where inundation is possible after heavy rain. No relationship is been observed between the development and the geographical features of the area. Seems there was no city planning or rural planning whatsoever. This needs to be taken into consideration in longer term town development planning. Canal systems, waste water systems, swage systems were seems to be irregular.
Though there were many reports of community based disaster management systems, none of such systems were functioning during the floods. Survey participants clearly mentioned the gaps in disaster response mechanisms. They have observed the lack of coordination among respective organizations. As per the community improper functioning of waste management, sewage systems and management of water ways have found out to be the main reason for the increased impact. In most cases, especially in Kolonnawa DS division in Colombo this was a regular occurrence even before the flooding. People have not considered early warning from DMC seriously, although they are warned people were hesitant to evacuate because they didn’t have previous experiences of a disaster of such a magnitude. This also has raised the point of having the capacity among people to interpret early warnings given by the Government and media and to respond accordingly. Lesson learned was that not only early warning technology, their impacts and anticipated responses need to be assessed.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZLiving with risk and socioeconomic obligations; a case study from landslide prone areas of Mathale District, Sri Lanka
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14830
Living with risk and socioeconomic obligations; a case study from landslide prone areas of Mathale District, Sri Lanka
Wijesinghe, M.
Disaster risk management is reducing hazards, and vulnerabilities while enhancing capacities of a particular system or population. Vulnerability of a particular community depends on multiple factors such as geography, vegetation, climate and socioeconomic aspects. Nevertheless the socioeconomic aspects play over physical features to enhance (or reduce) risks in a particular area or community therefore interventions on such socioeconomic factors become vital in the process of risk reduction.
The paper discusses with a bottom-up approach how different socioeconomic causes have bound people to live with risk rather than evading risk buy relocating themselves in less vulnerable areas. The study was conducted in four Grama Niladhari Divisions in Mathale District, Sri Lanka. Results of the study show that there are complex reasons why families take the risk of living in landslide prone areas with danger. Those reasons justify their decisions to remain in vulnerable slopes though there were request for permanent evacuation form lands with threat. The survey was looking at some unique local conditions. Mostly poor families were compelled to live with threats of landslides due to socioeconomic obligations. Though their lands were identified as ‘risky’ economic benefits such as home gardens and surrounding environment, amenities of water and electricity, together with social advantageous of living with kin, closeness to urban centers, schools, and social cohesiveness has positively influence their stay.
This reveals that risk reduction plans such as relocation should consider such underlying factors that support the ‘risk culture’ of vulnerable populations.
2016-01-01T00:00:00Z