Concept note on artificial intelligence and child protection: A medico-legal perspective on digital reporting systems

Abstract

Background: Child abuse is a serious social and public health issue in Sri Lanka with 9,673 reported cases in 2023. However, current medico-legal documentation is incomplete as only basic victim details are recorded at Judicial Medical Officer (JMO) offices while detailed case findings remain with the examining doctor. The National Child Protection Authority (NCPA) receives only statistical data limiting case tracking and policy development. A centralized digital reporting system incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance case documentation, victim monitoring and policy-driven interventions. Method: A digital system will be developed for structured data entry at all medico-legal centers. Basic victim details will be recorded by trained staff while forensic specialists will enter sensitive information. The data will be encrypted and transferred to a secure central database at the NCPA. Al driven analytics will identify trends, offender profiles and high-risk areas. A multidisciplinary team including police, child protection officers, JMOs, psychiatrists and pediatricians will contribute to case tracking and interventions. Results: Implementing a digital reporting system will improve data consistency ensuring uniform documentation across all medico-legal centers. Al-driven analytics will provide valuable insights into patterns of child abuse, risk factors and offender characteristics, enabling proactive prevention strategies. The system will also facilitate real-time tracking of victims allowing authorities to assess long-term outcomes and the effectiveness of interventions. However, challenges such as ensuring data security, preventing AI biases and integrating digital systems into existing medico-legal workflows must be addressed. A well-structured confidential and multidisciplinary approach is essential for successful implementation. Conclusion: Digitizing child abuse reportage supported by AI will strengthen Sri Lanka's child protection framework. Implementing a nationwide secure and Al-integrated system will facilitate case management, support services and policy formulation ultimately improving child welfare.