A retrospective study of child sexual abuse and judicial outcomes in cases reported to Kelaniya Police Division, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a grave crime with severe physical and psychological consequences for victims. Efficient judicial processing is essential to ensure justice, yet Sri Lanka’s legal system often experiences significant delays. This study examined the progression of CSA cases in courts under the Kelaniya police division from 2012 to 2022, identifying key bottlenecks in case resolution and judicial outcomes.

Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using case records from 13 police stations in the Kelaniya division. A total of 145 complete cases were collected using a structured proforma. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel.

Results: Findings revealed that 86.9% (n=126) of victims were female, with 83% (n=120) aged 10-16 years. The majority of offenders (99%; n=144) were male, with 57% (n=83) of cases committed by a boyfriend. Case reporting was swift, with 97.9% (n=142) reported within 24 hours. However, major delays were noted in later stages where Attorney General’s Department recommendations took 1-6 years, and court trials extended for 6-10 years. Trial proceedings remain pending for 63% (n=91) of cases, with only 17% (n=25) reaching a verdict. Charge filing took 1-6 years, and witness evidence collection was significantly delayed, with the first witness calling pending in 67% (n=94) of cases.

Conclusion: The study revealed significant delays in the judicial handling of CSA cases, especially during the prosecution and trial phases. While initial reporting and investigations are prompt, prolonged AG recommendations and court proceedings hinder timely justice.