A case of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV); What is the scope for prevention?

Abstract

Background: IPV remains a critical public health issue with significant medical, social, and legal implications. In Sri Lanka, 24.9% of women have experienced some form of sexual and/or physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime, facing lifelong consequences including physical, emotional trauma and even death. Most of the victims are reluctant to seek support considering disruption of the family unit, socio-cultural stigma and economic dependency. This case highlights the severity of IPV in society and the necessary prevention strategies. Case study: A 39-year-old woman, with three children, was admitted to the surgical ward of District General Hospital, Gampaha, with multiple deep cut injuries on the back of the neck and ear with underlying bone cut. She was unconscious and in hypovolemic shock. Emergency medical management led to her stabilization and recovery. Injuries were inflicted by the husband, who was a chronic methamphetamine abuser and suffered from morbid jealousy. Previously, she had multiple hospital admissions due to assaults and had made complaints to the law enforcement authorities. In this case, the victim's injuries were life-threatening, indicating the intensity of the physical abuse. Recognizing IPV, taking legal actions by the police, and obtaining an interim protection order to prevent harm are important in such cases. A multidisciplinary approach and coordination of relevant stakeholders who provide support for such victims to be strengthened. Most responses to IPV have focused primarily on intervention after the harm has occurred. We need a public health approach to solve the problem, which includes increasing awareness, IPV screening and counselling, legal justice, psycho-social strengthening program for the victim and mandatory referral of the perpetrator for counselling and necessary management. Conclusion: This case illustrates the dire consequences of IPV and highlights the timely need for legal actions, preventive strategies, and integrated victim support services to prevent life-threatening incidents.