Domestic violence against married women in Kurunegala Police Division, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background: Domestic violence remains a critical public health and human rights issue disproportionately affecting married women. This study was conducted to evaluate the patterns, contributing factors of domestic violence and its consequences for victims and their families in order to suggest targeted interventions and policy recommendations. Method: A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted using official police records from the Kurunegala Police Division. Data on demographic characteristics, forms of violence, contributing factors, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The study categorized violence into physical, emotional, sexual and economic abuse while also examining the role of substance abuse, financial stress and marital dynamics in domestic violence incidents. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: The findings revealed that physical abuse was the most frequently reported form of violence, occurring in 40% (n=20) of cases. Key contributing factors included financial problems in 22% (n=11), extramarital affairs in 20% (n=10), and substance abuse in 16% (n=8). The impact extended beyond the victims, with 34% (n=17) of cases reporting harm to children, 20% (n=10) indicating financial hardship, and 16% (n=8) affecting victims' employment. Among them, 12% (n=6) were reportedly managed for psychological consequences, including suicidal ideation, by a consultant psychiatrist. Conclusion: Domestic violence against married women in the Kurunegala Police Division is a multifaceted issue with severe physical, psychological and socio-economic repercussions. Addressing this crisis requires comprehensive support systems, including medical care, psychological counseling, legal aid and economic empowerment initiatives. Strengthening law enforcement responses, community education, and policy interventions is essential to mitigate violence and improve the well-being of affected women and their families.