A retrospective analysis of domestic violence reported from a fishing community in the Devinuwara Division, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background: Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that disproportionately affects women particularly in socioeconomically vulnerable communities. Fishing families face unique challenges due to economic instability, social isolation and cultural factors increasing their risk of intimate partner violence. This study was aimed to identify the victim characteristics, types of violence and contributing factors of domestic violence at a selected fishing community in Sri Lanka. Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from 50 reported cases of domestic violence. Data were collected through structured records and analyzed using thematic analysis and statistical techniques. Key variables including victim demographics, assailant characteristics, nature of violence and underlying causes were systematically examined. Results: Findings revealed that 68% (n=34) of victims were women, highlighting their heightened vulnerability. Domestic violence was predominantly reported among married couples (76%; n=38), with incidents increasing with longer durations of cohabitation. About 60% (n=30) of victims lacked permanent housing and 72% (n=36) had low educational attainment, contributing to their subjugation. Unemployment was identified as a significant factor, with 58% (n=29) of victims being unemployed. The most prevalent form of violence was sexual violence, affecting 64% (n=32) of cases. Alarmingly, 70% (n=35) of victims had experienced repeated abuse, often due to initial tolerance or lack of intervention. Additionally, extramarital affairs, particularly among men engaged in fishing-related occupations were implicated in 54% (n=27) of cases. Mental health screening was rarely conducted with only 16% (n=8) of victims seeking psychological support. Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for targeted interventions including economic empowerment, housing stability and awareness programs to mitigate domestic violence in fishing communities. Addressing these socioeconomic and cultural factors could significantly reduce the prevalence of violence and improve victim outcomes.