INTEGRATING GREEN HRM PRACTICES TO DRIVE SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS: A SRI LANKAN PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

As sustainability becomes a global imperative, public sector organisations are increasingly expected to align operational practices with environmental goals. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) offers a strategic avenue by integrating sustainability into HR functions such as recruitment, training, and performance management. However, its impact often remains limited due to the absence of measurable outcomes, strategic alignment, and inclusive implementation. This study examines how GHRM practices influence sustainability performance in Sri Lankan public sector institutions and identifies pathways to enhance their effectiveness. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative survey responses from 180 HR professionals across government departments with qualitative interviews from 12 senior officers. The study assessed green recruitment, training, appraisal systems, and employee participation. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and thematic coding. Findings reveal that while green training and awareness initiatives are widely adopted, practices like green performance metrics and strategic alignment remain underdeveloped. A moderate positive correlation was observed between GHRM adoption and perceived sustainability improvements (r = 0.452, p < 0.01). Leadership commitment, cross-functional engagement, and enabling policies emerged as key enablers, while bureaucratic inertia and lack of incentives hindered broader adoption. GHRM can significantly contribute to public sector sustainability when treated as a strategic, data-driven, and inclusive initiative. Embedding green values in leadership, using digital tools for efficiency, and introducing practical KPIs—such as energy savings, reduced paper usage, or green training coverage—can enhance implementation. Recognising employee contributions and fostering a culture of eco-consciousness are essential for long-term impact. Policymakers are encouraged to integrate GHRM into public sector reforms to support a more sustainable governance model.