Between absence and dreams: A phenomenological study on the experiences of Malaiyaha tamil children with migrant mothers in the Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background: Malaiyaha Tamils, a minority ethnic group comprising 4.1% of Sri Lanka's population, have a history of labor migration and are underrepresented in psychological research. Making matters worse, the recent economic crisis has further aggravated vulnerabilities among tea estate communities. Children of migrant mothers face academic, social, and emotional challenges including abuse. This study explores Malaiyaha Tamil children's experiences of having mothers abroad. Method: This study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experiences of Malaiyaha Tamil children. Participants aged 12-18 were purposively sampled from Ratnapura district. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed to identify emerging themes. Results: The themes revealed disrupted education and conflicting effects of maternal absence. Findings indicate a diffusion of family roles with children taking on responsibilities typically associated with adults. They coped with maternal absence through extended family reliance, distractions, or withdrawal. Moreover, limited social interactions and isolation were noted. Despite challenges, participants displayed resilience, with positive aspirations for the future. Conclusions: This study contributes to the limited research on Malaiyaha Tamil children with migrant mothers highlighting the need for targeted interventions and reforms to support children, particularly in underprivileged communities (i.e., via mentorship programs and child welfare mechanisms). Further studies on the long-term psychological and social impacts of maternal migration can inform policies to improve outcomes for these children and similar groups.