BETWEEN FEMINISM AND REALPOLITIK-GERMANY UNDER ANGELA MERKEL

Abstract

Men have traditionally dominated international relations, and the modern international political landscape frequently reflects male-dominated structures in concepts such as state sovereignty, power politics, and militarization. Thus, this paper examines whether female leaders have a natural tendency to diplomacy, peace orientation, inclusivity, and cooperation- key concepts in feminist theory, or whether their policies and decisions are strongly influenced by the strategic demands and conventional geopolitical paradigm, regardless of their gender. The study is based on qualitative and secondary data from publications, academic articles, reports, journal articles, books, and media sources. Looking at world history, numerous female leaders have led their countries, holding different positions. This study looks at Germany under Angela Merkel- the first Chancellor of Germany. Following a descriptive analysis of the collected data, the research question is addressed through the theory of liberal feminism. The research evaluated Merkel's significant contribution to promoting gender equality within Germany, including legislative reforms and female participation in politics and the workforce. On the international stage, four major case studies- Merkel's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2015 refugee crisis, the Ukraine-Russian relations, and Brexit were analysed to determine the extent to which her policy decisions embody feminist principles. The finding reveals a nuanced leadership style. While Merkel's domestic agenda aligns with liberal feminist ideals, her foreign policy reflects a pragmatic fusion of both feminism and realpolitik considerations within the changing global power dynamics. Overall, it emphasizes that Merkel's legacy cannot be determined solely through a feminist lens; rather, it embodies a complex reciprocation between feminist ideals and realpolitik. Ultimately, the study underscores the evolving nature of women in international leadership and highlights how female leaders can reshape but not completely deviate from conventional paradigms of power politics.