ICH 2016
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14540
2024-03-28T23:26:43ZTaking Environment with Development: ‘Gross National Happiness’ as a model
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14641
Taking Environment with Development: ‘Gross National Happiness’ as a model
Mohapatra, A.K.
Pursuing development at the cost of environment has been a practice invariably followed by all states across the world. Per capita ‘Gross National Product’ has been seen as the yardstick of such development. Bhutan stands as an exception to this trend. The tiny Himalayan country offers a different model of development which is envisaged as sustainable and environmentally conducive. It attaches great importance to individual happiness than material possession and prosperity. Accordingly, ‘Gross National Happiness’ is regarded as its parameter to judge its development. Environment has been given utmost importance in this scheme of development. In order to translate the philosophy into real life of Bhutanese, the GNH Commission has developed the conceptual tools called four pillars and nine domains. Conservation of the Environment is the first pillar and ecological diversity is one of the important domains. Bhutan thus recognizes the central role environment factors play in human development. Article 5 of the Constitution of Bhutan urges every Bhutanese citizen to contribute to the protection of its natural environment, conservation of its rich biodiversity and prevention of all forms of ecological degradation. Of course, in respecting the environment, religion has been a factor in Bhutan. The Commission puts to test all proposals for developmental legislation or any developmental projects in tune of these pillars and domains. In order to become a policy each proposal must pass that GNH test so that it could ensure maximum good than do harm to society. It is like Jeremy Bentham’s ‘Felicific Calculus’ to judge the goodness of a decision that would produce more pleasure than pain. GNH thus aims at the holistic development of Bhutan which is inclusive and sustainable. Against this background, this paper wishes to look into the new development philosophy for its greater understanding and its applicability to other states too.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZFreedom of religion in Sri Lanka with special reference to international human rights standards
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14640
Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka with special reference to international human rights standards
Gamalath, H.
Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious society. Article 9 of the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka, provided a foremost place in Buddhism and it has given the duty to protect and foster the Buddha Sasana in the country. However, freedom of religion guaranteed as a Fundamental right in Chapter III of the constitution. International Human Rights law plays a vital role in developing standards for the freedom of religion that recognized in various international and regional conventions or Declarations. The aim of this research paper is to examine the international human rights standards towards the freedom of religion and its applicability of the constitutional level in Sri Lanka and further it examine the link between Human Rights and secularism. As a doctrinal in nature, the topic is exclusionary doctrinal and therefore no specific methodology except collection material from primary sources (any statutes, case law, any official reports of Law Commissions, any government documents, assembly debts, etc.….) As well as secondary sources visa – various books, articles, researches, papers, magazines, newspapers and a lie are scanned and utilized and relevant place for this topic. For this objective, this assay is based on a Sri Lankan constitution and secularism. It’s intended to find out answers, how the state e is responsible for social order and cooperative coexistence among social groups, critical discussion of the possibility of explicitly introducing a provision on ‘secularism’ into a proposed new Sri Lankan Constitution or amendments of the Sri Lankan Constitution and its limitations.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZA legal analysis of forest offences in Sri Lanka with special reference to Wilpattu National Park
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14639
A legal analysis of forest offences in Sri Lanka with special reference to Wilpattu National Park
Jayakody, J.A.D.
Forest refers to all wild fauna and flora, including animals, birds and fish, as well as timber and non-timber forest products. Forest offences refer to the taking, trading (supplying, selling or trafficking), importing, exporting, processing, possessing, obtaining, destroying and consumption of wild fauna and flora. The basic components of forest governance are attributed to laws, rules regulations and policy approaches which regulate forest management to protect environmental and other forest values especially in a period such as environmental and natural resource offences have significant adverse effects on ecosystems, livelihoods, and the global economy. Wilpttu National park is among the oldest and most important of protected areas in Sri Lanka. It also contains a number of important cultural sites. Mammalian diversity and ecological densities are highest in in the interfaces between forest, scrub and grasslands converge in Wilpattu and drainage systems in the center of the park. Such significant forests or national parks suffered greatly when around 2,500 acres of lush green forests and 50 to 60 years old were illegally cut down to make residence for displaced people. The implemented law of Sri Lanka for conservation of forest is Forest Ordinance No.16 of 1907 and its amendments. In this Ordinance, section 78 interprets the term of “forest offence” in Sri Lanka. According to the interpretation every offence under the forest ordinance cannot be considered as a forest crime and only punishable offences under the ordinance can be found as forest crime or forest offence. The objectives of this study are, therefore, to critically evaluate and provide a legal analysis of the existing laws to prevent forest offences and practical difficulties of ensuring the rights of people, flora and fauna and finally to provide recommendations. This research is a qualitative legal research with the purpose of assessing the impacts to prevent forest offences. A mixed approach is used by analyzing case studies. The study reveals that serious efforts are needed to identify and prevent the forest offence and to ensure the rights of people, flora and fauna. Therefore the study concludes that forest offences in Wilpattu should be stopped by using existing international and domestic laws and that pragmatic and perspective procedural strategies should be enforced, along with rules and regulations for conservation of forests.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZWhy do people tend to break the law in a system of democratic governance? In search of a public relations law and ethics in Sri Lanka
http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/14638
Why do people tend to break the law in a system of democratic governance? In search of a public relations law and ethics in Sri Lanka
Jinadasa, M.
When it comes to the golden age of public relations in the early mid-twentieth century in Europe, public relations consultants and institutions needed to incorporate a system of ethics to protect the human standards from the extreme use of sensational and personal matters in the media and communication. A system of media law referring to the discipline of public relations was later developed when ethics were insufficient to regulate the public relations campaign not damaging the existing social and cultural policy of the society. However, when it comes to the modern society of democratic governance, it is challenging to protect and conduct law and ethics leading to the professional standards of the practices of public relations in most capitalistic societies. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the problems encountered in the violation of public relations law and ethics in the Sri Lankan context of democratic capitalism. This research was conducted using qualitative methods of case studies, participatory observations and textual and discourse analyses. Ten commercial advertisements produced in the Sri Lankan local media were critically analyzed using textual analysis and participatory observations leading to selected ten case studies on the advertisements. In-depth interviews were also utilized to explore these cases. Two years, from January 2013 to January 2015 was the time-frame. Data were critically and descriptively analyzed. Based on the research, this study makes the following conclusions. Protecting and conducting law and ethics in mostly a consumerist society in the capital economy could be relatively difficult, when the difference between marketing and public relations could not be properly identified. This has been mostly due to the lack of two aspects. One is the absence of a proper teaching and learning system that makes the difference between the use of marketing and the use of public relations, while public relations has also been taught at the marketing courses. And also the second aspect is insufficiency of the media literacy in the media society where there is a rapid expansion in the channels of media in Sri Lanka. Moreover, objectives of media owners are also shaped by the limited purposes of marketing and financial benefits, so that the violation of law is challengeable, when it is difficult to conduct the basic ethics in broadcasting advertisements in the local channels. Moreover, violation of law has been justified by the morals and dignity of the local politicians, in the use of media at the period of elections and their political dialogues. In a more micro level analysis, violation of ethics is the fact that affects the emergence of the insecurity of the law in the modern consumer society of the democratic capitalism. However, this study assumes the necessity of a productive teaching and learning system of morals and ethics that deeply emphasizes the relevance and significance of the conscience so that anyone can respond to others, when he/she able to account him/her.
2016-01-01T00:00:00Z