ICH 2018http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/200672024-03-28T12:29:57Z2024-03-28T12:29:57ZRelationship between mindfulness and happiness to develop life satisfaction of university students in Sri LankaWeerawansa, S.http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/201262019-04-02T06:16:42Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZRelationship between mindfulness and happiness to develop life satisfaction of university students in Sri Lanka
Weerawansa, S.
Mindfulness is defined as the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose in the present moment, and not being judgmental about the unfolding of experiences moment by moment. In practicing mindfulness, one becomes aware of the current internal and external experiences and is able to observe them carefully and accept them sans judgments. Happiness is one of the most important aspects of life satisfaction. However, there is a significant gap in the understanding of this relationship between mindfulness and happiness to develop the life satisfaction of university students in Sri Lanka. The present study investigates the relationship between mindfulness and happiness to develop life satisfaction among university students in Sri Lanka. Notions about life satisfaction are linked to one‘s culture and are relative and subjective, varying from country to country. Happiness is also subjective and varies from person to person. Life satisfaction is how one perceives about his/her life, a person‘s sense of well-being, his/her satisfaction or dissatisfaction, with life or happiness/unhappiness. Both mindfulness and happiness are associated with positive life outcomes, including greater subjective wellbeing. The study was aimed at how life satisfaction was gained through mindfulness and how it affects happiness. 350 university students in four state universities were selected at random, based on purposive sampling techniques. In order to measure the relationships, some indices were calculated based on Likert scale. The outcome of this study can be extended with the higher educational curriculum in Sri Lanka to plan better policies. This study also indicates a major finding that higher levels of mindfulness and happiness were associated with greater life satisfaction, positive effect and lower negative effect. Finally, this study will be developed as a conceptual model of mindfulness and happiness to develop life satisfaction of university students in Sri Lanka and happiness index for them. These results provide information regarding a possible process through which mindfulness and happiness exert its beneficial effects.
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZHumanitarian values vs. imperial interests: A case study on Athenian imperial „Cleruchies‟ and the conditions of the subject populationWeerakoon, W.M.U.I.http://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/201252019-04-02T06:14:12Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZHumanitarian values vs. imperial interests: A case study on Athenian imperial „Cleruchies‟ and the conditions of the subject population
Weerakoon, W.M.U.I.
Athens is identified as the earliest western empire. The Classical Athenian epigraphs indicate a widespread imposition of a special type of colonies known as ‗cleruchies‘ in the subject-allies of the Athenian empire towards the middle and late 5th century BCE. ‗Cleruchies‘ are special Greek colonies in which the settlers received a plot of land and retained their original citizenship. This research is intended to examine the manner in which Athens used cleruchies to cater the economic, political and military interests of its empire at the expenses of the allies by completely devaluing the humanitarian principles. The information for this qualitative research is gathered by the analytical study of the epigraphs and numismatics of the particular period and by the critical examination of the primary and secondary sources. The findings of this research suggest that cleruchies provided individual Athenians with socio-economic benefits such as subsidization of citizens and possession of landed property. Cleruchies which were commonly imposed on rebellious allies secured political expansion and stability of the Athenian empire while securing its strategic interests abroad. These special colonies boosted the economy of the Athenian empire by its large revenues and the monopoly of corn and trade routes of the Aegean. However the allies which received cleruchies were reduced into the level of subjects and their autonomy was infringed. The local population of the allied states were depopulated or mass massacred while their land was taken to address the needs of the Athenian empire. Therefore this study is significant in identifying the micro-macro concept of complete disregard and deprivation of human values and rights of one group of individuals or the peripheral states by another group of individuals or core states from the time as early as the earliest western empire. It is also observant that the similar practice of furthering imperial interests at the expenses of the allies by the powerful countries in the 20th century CE led to the origin of international organizations such as United Nations to protect human values and to uphold values of humanities.
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZInfluence of trees for Human beings according to the VāstushāstraVen.Panawala Dhammadhajahttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/201242019-04-02T06:11:11Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZInfluence of trees for Human beings according to the Vāstushāstra
Ven.Panawala Dhammadhaja
Trees are very useful for human beings and other animals to live healthily. The majority of animals including humans inhale because of oxygen produce by trees. Water is protected where the trees are. According to vāstushāstra, when the house is established, considerable attention should be paid to trees. Many primary resources on vāstushāstra such as Mayamata, Mānasāra and Viswakarmaprakāsha allocate a paragraph to describe trees which are planted in the land according to directions. Today many people do not use these methods or systems to create their houses and they have to face a lot of troubles after settling down in the house such as diseases, physical abjectness, mental abjectness, poverty and childlessness etc. The main purpose of this research study is to investigate suitable trees and unsuitable trees to plant in house land according to västuçästra and the scientific theories about them. In this research study, collecting data from primary resources such as Mayamatha, Mānasāra, Viswakarmaprakāsha etc. and online sources are used as the research methodology. Gargasamhitā is one of the primary resources on vāstushāstra and it is said that Aswatta tree is not planted in the east, Pāṭalī tree is not grew in the south, Nuga is not cultivated in the west and Udumbara is not planted in the north of the house. It mentions the good and positive way to plant trees in land. For example, Pāṭalī tree is good in north. In some sources like Mayamatha, Mānasāra, Viswakarmaprakāsha etc., there is a classification done according to the appearance of trees.
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZSignificance of mindfulness and clear comprehension (sati-sampajañña) for material and spiritual developmentVen. Jatilahttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/201232019-04-02T05:57:47Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZSignificance of mindfulness and clear comprehension (sati-sampajañña) for material and spiritual development
Ven. Jatila
Mindfulness and clear comprehension (sati-sampajañña) play significant role in implementing both material and spiritual development among human being. Working without sati-sampajañña generates problems and failures, whereas working with sati-sampajañña leads to successful material and spiritual enrichment. This research is a textual and critical approach which gathered data from the discourses. This observation involves applying sati-sampajañña with right thought, right speech and right action for material development and utilizing sati-sampajañña in satipaṭṭhāna practice for liberation. Thought with sati-sampajañña generates right thought which brings good benefits. Thought without sati-sampajañña causes wrong ideas which results in problems and sufferings. Speaking without mindfulness is dishonest. Hence, one should be mindful and have a clear comprehension in whatever talked or discussed. One should speak at the proper time, what is true, gently and beneficial with loving kindness described in Vācā Sutta. Performing work without sati-sampajañña cannot implement tasks. To develop wealth, enhance the standards of living and increase the values of man, one should perform careers and responsibilities by sati-sampajañña with right action. Thus, sati-sampajañña is important to apply in humanity for material development. Further, for spiritual improvement, sati-sampajañña is a part of the contemplation of the body in satipaṭṭhāna practice. In the Satipaṭṭhāna sutta, this practice is required to establish four mental qualities: diligence, clear comprehension, mindfulness and freedom from covetousness and dejection. A meditator acts with a clear comprehension when going forward and returning, looking ahead and looking away, etc. While standing, walking, sitting, lying and eating, he is mindful and have a clear comprehension to prevent obstacles and increases spiritual development. The Papañcasūdanī signifies that clear comprehension has fourfold: purposefulness, suitability, resort and non-delusion. Sati-sampajañña also deals with dwelling in equanimity towards mindfulness and clear comprehension. This highlights that one should cultivate sati-sampajañña for spiritual liberation. Mindfulness and clear comprehension (sati-sampajañña) are vital importance for individual who seeks material development and spiritual liberation. Utilizing sati-sampajañña with right thought, right speech and right action generate wealth. Through contemplating sati-sampajañña in satipaṭṭhāna meditation, one can be removed from covetousness and dejections, not clinging to world and obtaining purification of beings from all defilements.
2018-01-01T00:00:00Z