Volume 03 - 2016
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Item Changing population growth rate and its determinants with the beginning of 21th century(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Liyanapathirana, L.N.M.In 19th century, Sri Lankan population increased slowly like other developing countries. But Sri Lanka began the 20th century with 3.6 million population. At the end of 20th century Sri Lankan population was 18.8 million. Furthermore at the mid of 20th century reported the largest population growth in Sri Lanka. In 1960 both death rate and birth rate began to decrease representing the next stage of population growth. Therefore at the beginning of 21th century population growth rate was less than before. However this changes of the population has effected more problems in Sri Lanka. Thus the main objective of this study was identifying the relationships between the population growth rate and its determinants with the beginning of 21th century in Sri Lanka. The study used time series data from secondary sources in Sri Lanka. To satisfy the objective of the study, charts, descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients have been employed. The data analyzed by SPSS and Excel software. According to results, with the beginning of 21th century the population has been increasing similar to past. The most people representing in 2011. But population growth rate has been going down. The population growth rate is positively related with birth rate, net migration rate, fertility rate, life expectancy and urban population. The death rate is negatively related with population growth rate. But strong relationships is representing with birth rate, life expectancy and urban population. There are not strong relationships between population and its determinants such as death rate, net migration rate and fertility rate. The most related variable for population growth rate is the birth rate. Hence the population changing mostly depend on the birth rate in Sri Lanka with the beginning of 21th century.Item Ethical Issues in Social Science Research: A Review(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Madhushani, H.D.P.Research is a systematic, socially organized quest for new and better insight. ‘Research ethics’ refers to a complex set of values, standards and institutional schemes that help constitute and regulate scientific activity. Ethical issues are becoming a crucial element in social research. It is compulsory for a social researcher conducting research involving humans to apply for ethical clearance. The aims of this study were to Ethical Issues in Social Science Research in Developing Countries discussed in the literature. This review used 20 various research efforts from 1982 to 2014, using key words research, ethics, social sciences, developing countries. 60% of them mostly concerned of research ethics and ethical issues of social science research. First, significant issues regarding of research ethics were identified. Then, as a result of a literature review and case studies, it was also found that ethical issues are mostly occurred in the countries which are still developing. The research findings indicated that Complex ethical issues in such countries need careful justification by social science researchers.Item Impact of the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and food intake patterns on obesity among undergraduates in Sri Lanka(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Jayawardana, Y.W.; Madhubhashini, A.A.P.M.; Madhushani, P.A.G.; Marapana, M.B.M.R.C.S.The rates of overweight and obesity are rising to epidemic proportions among the adults worldwide leading to a substantial increase in health risks associated with weight. Similarly, overweight and obesity rates in Sri Lanka has also been on a growing trend within the recent past. Addressing the current situation, this study aims to identify the factors of obesity among the undergraduates in Sri Lanka, particularly with regard to the relationship between BMI and food intake patterns. A sample of 500 undergraduates from University of Kelaniya who currently live with their parents, in hostels and boarding houses were selected using simple random sampling. Survey was carried out in representing the students Data collection was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire. Measures of heights and weights were used to calculate BMI (weight/height2) where BMI ≥25.0-29.9 and ≥30.0 was defined as overweight and obese respectively. Eating frequency and nutritional values of food was used to calculate calorie, fat, carbohydrate and fat intake per day. Out of the sample, 20.04 percent had BMI<18.5(underweight), 42.91 percent were BMI between 18.5-24.9 (normal weight), 18.83 percent were between 25.0- 29.9 (overweight) and 18.22 percent were BMI 30.0 or above (obese). Findings of this study identified that 18.8 percent and 18.2 percent of the study sample are overweight and obese respectively. Multiple regression and the independent t test revealed that the higher level of protein intake and lack of awareness among the participants as the factors that are directly associated with the obesity. Increasing level of overweight and obesity among the youth indicates the important role of health professionals in improving awareness, encouraging positive lifestyle and promoting preventative measures of unhealthy food culture among undergraduates in Sri Lanka.Item Impact of the relationship between obesity and food intake patterns among Sri Lankan people(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Dolapihilla, V.N.In the present situation non communicable dieses are spread soon and obesity can be identified as a reason for that. It means the surplus fat of our meals is stored in stomach, breast and back side in our body. As a result of this the person will be suffered from the obesity. Waist circumference, body mass index are used to define the obesity. Obesity will be a main reason for such daises as heartaches, high blood pressure, asthma, cancers, mental diseases, joint problems. When considering the present situation of Sri Lanka a number of 92530 of men and 269269 women are suffered from obesity. Accordingly the research problem of this study is the effect of food consumption for the obesity during 1980-2013. The independent variable is food consumption and the facts that affect to the independent variable is carbohydrate, lipid, milk, pulse and sugar. In this research secondary data was collected by the annual report of census and statistics department about income and expenditure of households. Dependent variable was obesity and data was collected by annual health report. A multiple regression was conducted with these data. Also graphs were used to identify the variation of obesity and food consumption during years. It was admired by 95% significant level and effect of lipid was (p=.016) and the effect of carbohydrate was (p=.049).Accordingly carbohydrate and lipid has affected to the obesity. Genetic, physical activity, gender, age, economic level, pregnancy, mental stress, are affected to the obesity and the main point is the foods which our body is consumed does not dissolve. Then they are kept in our body in an unnecessary way. That means food consumption affects to the obesity in Sri LankaItem A review of Socio Economic Factors impact on Cancer incidence(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Senavirathne, K.B.R.Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells, which can invade and spread to distant sites of the body. Cancer can have several health consequences and is a leading cause of death. Each year, 10 of millions of people are diagnosed with cancer around the world, and more than half of the patients eventually die from it. Even Sri Lanka the cancer incidence have increased from 2000. This article is a review of what are the socio economic factors affecting for cancer incidence across the world. Randomly selected 15 international journal articles published during 2000-2015 time period were used for this review. Around the world socioeconomic factors such as social background, occupation, income and habitual works and environmental factors are affect for cancer incidence in more and it effect on economically as well. However, there is no more studies about ‘socio economic factors affected on cancer in Sri Lanka’. Therefore further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other health and social welfare strategies in Sri Lanka.Item A review of socio-economic factors affecting for diabetes(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Weerasinghe, M.W.A.S.M.Diabetes is one of the principal healthcare challenge in worldwide and diabetes is a serious complex condition which can affect the entire body. Diabetes mellitus is classified in to three main subtypes. Namely, type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus, occurs during some pregnancies. Cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower limb assumption are main complications of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetic in the significant risk factors associated Age, gender, decreased literacy, long duration of diabetes, family history of diabetic nephropathy and poor glycemic control, physical activity, ethnicity, geographical background. Diabetic prevalence has risen faster in low and middle income countries than in high income country. There was 1.16 million cases of diabetes in Sri Lanka. The diabetes prevalence is increase for aged 65 years and above. Direct and indirect economic cost affecting for diabetes patients. The purpose of this study to determine the socio-economic factors affecting for diabetes. The information obtained the review of articles.Item Social Network Usage of Government Employees in Sri Lanka(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Rathnathilaka, R.M.M.B.; Madushani, H.D.P.; Perera, L.G.D.; Dasanayake, D.M.H.; Nayomi, W.V.P.M.; Kulasinghe, K.S.R.; Madushanka, G.L.D.H.C.In a modern day workplace social media place’s a pivotal role in various areas and provide certain benefits to a company such as easy sharing of information, Attune everyone in the organization to each other's needs and improve the way individuals think collectively etc. Due to that, social networks are associated with the productivity of an organization. Hence, this study was carried out with the following two objectives. They are identifying the factors affected for using social network sites by government employees and the government employees’ behavior on social network sites. The sample of this study was selected using two-stage cluster sampling method and it was selected from the Colombo district. Primary data were collected by using the structured interview method. From this study it was discovered that government employee’s age is the only factor that affects for using social media sites. More than three quarters of the government employees accessed social networking sites in the office and most of them used SNS’s for personal matters. Hence, number of working hours were wasted. Thereby government organizations should create their own set of rules, guidelines and policies to reduce the wasted time. Also monitoring the employee behavior on SNSs is a better way to effectively manage the use of SNSs by government employees.Item Socio- Economic background of the female inmates of elderly homes in Sri Lanka(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Dissanayake, D.K.S.M.A.; Rathnathilaka, R.M.M.B.; de Silva, A.K.M.; Kamalawarna, R.S.S.Population ageing is a phenomenon that occurs due to the lower death rate and lower birth rate. Due to the decrease of death and birth rates, ageing is a result of the demographic transition. Among the Asian countries, Sri Lanka has come to the first place, which is having a higher rate in the demographic transition. There is a 13.2% of elderly dependency ratio in Sri Lanka according to the newest reports (2015) of Census of Statistics. So as to that this study aimed to investigate the Socio and Economic factors which influenced those elderly women to be at the elderly homes special reference to Iring Thilakarathna elders home in Imbulgoda. Simple random sampling method has used as the sampling technique in order to select 25 elderly women as the sample. A questionnaire, which had 19 questions, has used to find the factors, which influenced them to stay in elderly home such as poverty, no one to care, misbehavior of their laws, freedom etc. Statistical techniques such as tables, graphs, percentages, Chi-square test and correlation etc. have been used to analyze the data. According to findings most of them were poor in their economic situation and they do not like to bother their children as well. The majority of those elderly women were in the age group of 70-80 and they believe staying in an elderly home allowed them to keep away from the problematic background of their home. According to the results, specially the attitude problems of their children and their lives styles have thrown their older mothers to the such a place and they have created a background that those mothers are loneliness and helpless though they have number of children.Item Sri Lankan youth and their disclosure to computer literacy: Review(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Moragolla, U.R.G.D.A.K.Computer literacy is essential for success in the developing world (Hindi et al., 2016). The global acceptance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has majorly captured the area of education, as it plays a predominant role in creating well qualified generation (Godamanna et al. 2013). Furthermore, computer literacy is an important variable in economic growth and promoting development in 21st century (Tharanganie et al., 2011). The objective is to study is to explicate the degree of computer literacy and exposure to the internet among Sri Lankan youth. Qualitative data analyzing models was mostly used in data analyzing in prior surveys. There are some findings derived from prior surveys. The highest proportion age group of computer literacy is students when consider about age and economic activity of youth. Among them, highest proportion belongs to 18-24 years age group. In considering about sex and age group, percentage of male respondents with computer knowledge is higher than the female respondents. Approximately 60% of the male respondents were computer literate when compared to the 55% of computer literate females. The computer literacy among unemployed population, the highest proportion represents by age group 25-29 among other youth agers. In conclusion, computer literacy of youth in Sri Lanka mainly distributed among male population than female population. Further 25-29 age group has well qualified computer literacy than other youth agers. Improving skills of computer literacy is necessary step that must be taken due to effect of globalization at present.Item Study on the factors affecting private investments in Sri Lanka(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Kodithuwakku, D.S.; Jayawardana, Y.W.; Jayawardhana, M.N.; Muhandiramge, K.M.R.R.; Dulani, K.P.K.Today it’s widely accepted that private sector is a key engine of economic growth in any country across the globe. As a part of private sector, private investments also plays a greater role particularly within developing countries who are very much in need of capital resources as well as skilled labor, new technology and innovation in achieving faster growth. Sri Lanka still being a developing country is no exception to this. Therefore, considering the role of private investments in Sri Lanka, this study aims to identify the factors affecting private investments within Sri Lankan economy. The study was based on secondary data covering the period from 1975 to 2015. Findings derived from regression model and correlation coefficients of the study have revealed that real GDP growth, real exchange rate, inflation rate, budget deficit, foreign trade, foreign direct investment and liberalization factor are positively associated with private investments. It has further been identified that out of all the independent variables, foreign direct investment is the most affecting factor to private investments in Sri Lanka whereas the liberalization factor is the least affecting factor. The relationship between liberalization factor and private investments denotes the less importance of export and import industry in determining private investments in Sri Lanka. Therefore, in conclusion, this study emphasizes that foreign direct investment, real exchange rate and foreign trade play significant roles as factors in determining private investments.Item Workplace stress in nursing: a literature review(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Nayomi, W.V.P.N.A world-wide shortage of nurses, a significant challenge facing the healthcare sector in many developed and developing countries. Health development (growth) is an important fact for Sri Lanka as a developing country. It gives free health system to its people around the clock. Nurses play an important role in this field to uplift the health development. Accordingly to Key social indicators Nurses per 10,000 persons 15.4 in Sri Lanka. Similarly statistics at present qualified nurses 32,272 employed in Sri Lanka and a nurse for every 650 persons. The government allocates a large amount of money for health within a one year. The aspiration of these expenditures is well progress of health sector. When nurses are doing their dignity correctly, it is a massive strength to improvement of health sector. The purpose of this study to review the knowledge on workplace stress in nursing. Stress in nurses has been linked to reduce physical and psychological health, reduce job satisfaction, increase sickness absence, increase staff turnover, and poorer job commitment. A literature search from January 2000 to 2014 was conducted using the key words nursing, stress, workplace stress, stress management and review 20 article according to above key words. Poor working relationship between nurses and doctors and other health care professionals, demanding communication and relationships with patients and relatives, emergency cases, high workload, under staffing and lack of support or positive feedback from senior nursing staff have been main source of stress for nurses.Item ගුණාත්මක පාසල් පද්ධතියක් සඳහා නව පාසල් පාදක කළමනාකරණ වැඩසටහනක යෝග්යතාව(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Kumari, W.G.Item රිය අනතුරු සඳහා බලපාන සාධක පිළිබඳ ආනුභාවික අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Madushanka, G.L.D.H.C.Item වතු ප්රජාවගේ දරුවන්ගේ අධ්යාපන කුසලතා සහ ආර්ථිකමය බලපෑම(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Rathnayake, H.P.N.N.Item වයස්ගත ජනගහනය හා ඒ ආශ්රිත ගැටලු(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Lakmali, D.Item විශ්වවිද්යාල ප්රවේශය කෙරෙහි ශිෂ්යත්ව විභාගයේ බලපෑම පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනයකි (හම්බන්තොට දිස්ත්රික්කය ඇසුරින්)(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Ruwanthi, W.G.R.Item විශ්වවිද්යාල විද්යාර්ථයින්ගේ අධ්යාපන සාර්ථකත්වය කෙරෙහි සේවානියුක්තියේ බලපෑම (කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්යාලය ඇසුරින්)(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Dassanayake, D.M.H.Item ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අධ්යාපනය සහ පුස්තකාල ඉතිහාසය(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Kulasinghe, K.A.S.R.Item ශ්රී ලංකාවේ ආර්ථික සංවර්ධනය කෙරෙහි ජනගහන වර්ධනය ඇතිකරන බලපෑම පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Madhubhashini, A.A.P.M.Item ශ්රී ලංකාවේ තේ කර්මාන්තයේ වත්මන් ප්රවණතා හඳුනා ගැනීම(Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Madhubhashini, K.P.L.