International Studies Students’ Research Symposium (ISSRS)
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Item New Trends of US-Sri Lanka Diplomatic Relations(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Malsha, N.K.The 70th anniversary of US-Sri Lankan diplomatic relations was celebrated in 2018. The diplomatic relations between the US and Sri Lanka are mainly based on mutual interests, a shared commitment to the ideals of democratic governance, progress and development. The US has prioritized sovereignty, moderate nonaligned foreign policy, and support for Sri Lankan unity, territorial integrity, democracy and socio-economic development through their foreign policy towards Sri Lanka. The US can be distinguished as the largest trading partner of Sri Lanka. In this study new trends of US-Sri Lanka diplomatic relations were examined with a perspective of Sri Lankan citizen. The US is the super power in this international system. Therefore, Sri Lanka much more needs mechanisms, strong and strategic foreign policies when engage with the US. Dynamic nature and fluctuations are reflected in the United States- Sri Lanka diplomatic relations from 2005 to 2018. These dynamics have negatively consequence on US-Sri Lanka diplomatic relations. Therefore, the factors which constrained diplomatic relations can reflect in bi lateral diplomatic relations due to considerable reasons during the time period of 2005-2018. The main objective of this research study is to evaluate the reasons for these dynamics of diplomatic relations between the US and Sri Lanka. This article is based on qualitative secondary data obtained from online articles and other sources such as E-books, E-reports, some journals published by various institutions related to US-Sri Lankan relations. The study scope is to identify the economic and political relations between both actors from 2005 to 2018. The research findings manifest that US- Sri Lankan relations are largely based on development assistant and human rights. It also concludes that both countries can uplift their relations through mutual understandingItem The Practice of Economic Diplomacy as a Foreign Policy Tool in Sri Lanka Post 2015 Period(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Mudalige, I.P.The pearl shaped Island state of Sri Lanka is strategically situated in a way India’s security is ascertained. Foreign policy isn't only an endless dialogue between the powers of continuity and the powers of change but also, it's a continuous changing process where states co- operated with other states on its own grounds regarding the international environment. The United National Party and Sri Lanka Freedom party have been governing Sri Lanka since 1948 with mutually exclusive policies. This new era of political collaboration through silent revolution has begun by the good governance government since 2015 and the new foreign policy has been guided by the principle of non-alignment based on the strategy of ‘Asian Centric Middle Path’. ‘Economic Diplomacy’ is the most significant tool in foreign policy. Among many pillars of economic diplomacy, Foreign Trade - Foreign Direct Investment, Tourism are playing major roles of economic diplomacy to reposition Sri Lanka as an economic hub of the Indian Ocean region under this regime. This government introduced economic reforms to reduce the bottlenecks named delays of doing FDI related businesses and barriers in financial and monetary sectors. The global economy has begun to shift from a Europe centric path to Asian centric economic path. Then, Sri Lanka’s duty is to cultivate a dual identity as ‘center of the Indian Ocean’ and gateway to the subcontinent’. Sri Lanka has already negotiated with China, Pakistan, and India and tries to negotiate with ASEAN nations named Singapore through large FDI during this government compared to the previous one but, Sri Lanka will have to face challenges which power balancing between China-India-Japan-USA and maintaining political stability of this government for fulfil her economics interests. Was Sri Lanka able to achieve economic goals & find solutions of financial issues through foreign economic policy since 2015? Are the foreign economic policies being diplomatically effective & productive to reach correct & positive direction of economic development in Sri Lanka? These problems would be answered through this research by soft power theory. The research findings that although Sri Lanka has been followed Non alignment policy, should pay attention absence of long term national economic strategy plan and large differences of implementation of policies and promises for rebuild the national economy. If that can be achieved, as the consequences of it can be relished by many generations to come who shall not be burdened again with the vulnerabilities of political economyItem Sri Lnaka’s Foreign Policy under Mahinda Rajapaksha(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Madhushani, M.J.N.Foreign policy of a country is a significant mechanism which can be used for the advancement of interests of a specific country or a state. Unlike domestic policy it operates in an international atmosphere where the actions and behavior of other states. Since 1948 Sri Lanka had experienced two types of regime governance like United National Party and Sri Lanka Freedom Party. In every country there can be a change of the foreign policy due to the regime changes. Mahinda Rajapaksha was the 05th executive president of Sri Lanka from (2005-2009) -(2009-2015). He represented the SLFP party. Though there were successes of his foreign policy approach can see some weaknesses and failures in his second period as the president. The objectives of this study is to discuss the successes and to identify the failures of foreign policy under Rajapaksha regime, to explore what conditions led to foreign policy failures under Rajapaksha regime and to discuss what are the strategies taken by Mahinda Rajapaksha government to restore these failed relations.. And to examine foreign policy strategies used by Rajapaksha regime to restore failed relations with special reference to India and the United States. The methodology that has followed for the study is qualitative in nature while only based on secondary data and used descriptive as well as content analysis. This study is limited to the events and situations that happened in Sri Lankan foreign relations from (2005-2015). The research findings evident that he faced for difficulties while having relations with India and the United States. It also concludes that though Mahinda Rajapaksha had to face for difficulties he was able to have successful relations with India and the United States from 2005 to 2015Item Geopolitics in the Indian Ocean: Importance of Sri Lanka to maintain a non – aligned foreign policy towards India, China and USA.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Ranasinghe, S. P.In the global scenario, Indian Ocean is the ocean where the global superpower USA and emerging global powers, India and China have their keen interest on. This is due to the strategic importance of Indian Ocean in military and economic wise and all these countries want to make a tight relationship with Sri Lanka because of its strategic importance of the location situated at the heart of the Indian Ocean. This study intends to examine how Sri Lanka can peruse a very tactful foreign policy to balance diplomatic relations with all these countries while defending and achieving its economic goals and development. This research is a qualitative study based on secondary data sources relating to Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute Foreign policy forum and also from scholarly articles, books, online journals, and magazines. It is crucial for India to have Sri Lanka by its side due to the growing Chinese influence in the South Asian region. The Indian Prime minister Narendra Modi’s recent visits to Sri Lanka indicate that India wants to keep close ties with Colombo. China’s presence also shows that Sri Lanka has good relations with China and certainly it has become an important investor in Sri Lanka. Major investments such as Hambanthota port and Colombo port city show how strong economic partnerships they maintain with Sri Lanka. On the other side, the USA’s ‘The Nimitz Carrier Strike Group’ recent visit to Colombo, for the first time an aircraft carrier has visited Sri Lanka after 1985 shows their interest on Sri Lanka. It is vital to understand that India, China and USA are three countries with different strengths and weaknesses. Balancing New Delhi, Beijing and Washington should be the priority of Sri Lankan foreign policy. This research shows how Sri Lanka should maintain a non – aligned, balanced foreign policy with equal measures to all the powers and it is the best way for Sri Lanka to balance these powerful countries. Sri Lanka has to understand its capabilities and capacities where, it has to maintain a tactful foreign policy while being in a neutral position and to get the maximum out of the opportunity it has been given.Item China’s Foreign Policy toward North Korea: the Nuclear Crisis.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Subasinghe, M. C.The North Korean nuclear issue has become a threat to the security of both Northeast Asia and even the world at large. As China has been widely perceived as North Korea’s “only ally” and the most economic and trading partner, China has long been expected to play a major role in resolving the North Korean nuclear issue. Despite the friendly relations between the two countries, China has adopted a changing policy towards North Korea in the recent years. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to elaborate on the specific policies adopted by China in the past several years, highlighting the steps taken to slow down the North Korean nuclear proliferation. Meanwhile, it is also expected to unveil the age-old relationship between China and North Korea while identifying Chinese strategic interests in North Korea both today and historically. Moreover, the key factors that will determine China’s future policy towards North Korea are also to be analyzed at the end. Secondary data sources like reports, academic journals, books and newspaper articles had been used to collect data and qualitative data analysis had been used for the purpose of data analysis. China had to make changes in its policy in order to counteract North Korea’s increasing nuclear capabilities. Accordingly, China had supported the framework of the Six-Party Talks, imposed economic sanctions, and also had supported the effort to denuclearize North Korea by adopting several UN resolutions as well. Moreover, China’s foreign policy measures towards North Korea emphasize its own determination to safeguard the national interests of China at a large scale. Because of North Korea’s geostrategic location in Northeast Asia, its geopolitical stability is important to maintain border security of China. Unstable North Korea would challenge China’s dominance in the region. Therefore, China’s strategic interests in North Korea have also mattered in implementing new foreign policy measures towards North Korea. In addition, economic cooperation between China and North Korea, China’s nuclear policy and U.S. pressure on China’s policy have become the key determinants of future North Korea – Chinese relations.