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Item Five Layered FCC Ferromagnetic Films as Described by Modified Second Order Perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian(University of Kelaniya, 2016) Samarasekara, P.; Warnakulasooriya, B.I.For the first time, the 2nd order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian with all the seven magnetic energy parameters was solved for fcc structured ferromagnetic films with five layers. Previously, the 2nd order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian was solved for four layered ferromagnetic films under some special assumptions by us. However, the exact solution of 2nd order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian without any special assumption is formulated in this manuscript. The magnetic easy and hard directions were determined using the angles corresponding to the energy minimum and maximum in the 3-D and 2-D plots. The shape of the 3-D plots doesn’t change with the number of layers except the position of spikes. However, the magnetic easy direction varies with the number of layers. Most of the theoretical data obtained by our model agree with the experimental data of ferromagnetic thin films.Item Optical and Structural Properties of Spin Coated Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films(University of Kelaniya, 2015) Dissanayake, D.M.C.U.; Samarasekara, P.Thin films of cadmium sulfide have been synthesized using the spin coating technique. Films were fabricated on inexpensive amorphous glass substrates at spin speeds of 1500, 2200 and 2400 rpm for 30 seconds. Films were subsequently annealed at 200, 300 and 400 0C for one hour in air in order to crystallize the phase of CdS. Films were characterized using X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy. According to XRD patterns, the phase of CdS was crystallized without any secondary phases. The particle size, dislocation density and strain were also estimated using XRD patterns. All the films indicate a strong orientation in (002) direction. The optical band gap was determined using UV absorption spectroscopy. Tauc model was employed to determine the optical band gap. According to our data, the optical band gap decreases with the particle size.Item Cobal Ferrite Films as Described by Third Order Perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian(University of Kelaniya, 2014) Samarasekara, P.Magnetic properties of thick films of Cobalt ferrite have been investigated using third order perturbed modified Heisenberg Hamiltonian at different values of second and fourth order magnetic anisotropy. Thick films with up to 10,000 layers have been employed for this investigation. The magnetic energy versus number of layers, second and fourth order anisotropy have been plotted in order to find the magnetically easy and hard directions of cobalt ferrite films. Energy has minimum and maximum values at certain values of second and fourth order anisotropy values, indicating that that there are magnetically easy and hard directions. Energy shows the same type of variations with number of layers in the film. For the values considered in this manuscript, the easy direction of magnetization was found to be 1530 with the normal line drawn to the film surface. However, the easy axis direction depends on the values of parameters used in simulation. Determination of easy directions of magnetic films is important in applications of magnetic memory devices.Item Stress induced anisotropy and applied field dependence of second order perturbed energy of thick ferromagnetic films(University of Kelaniya, 2011) Samarasekara, P.The energy of thick ferromagnetic films up to 10000 layers has been explained in this report using classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian with second order perturbation. Especially the effect of applied magnetic field and stress on energy of sc(001) ferromagnetic thick films has been investigated. Under the influence of perpendicular magnetic field given by out H = 6, the sc(001) ferromagnetic film with 10000 layers can be easily oriented in 0.5 radians direction. The easy direction of sc(001) ferromagnetic film with 10000 layers was found to be 0.6 radians when the in-plane magnetic field of in H = 4.2 is applied. Because the easy axis oriented magnetic films are useful in magnetic memory devices and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC), the determination of easy direction is important. If the stress given by s K = 2.6 is applied in perpendicular direction to the film plane, the film can be easily oriented in direction of 3 radians. Energy under influence of perpendicular magnetic field is larger than the energy under the influence of in-plane magnetic field. After introducing the second order perturbation to the Heisenberg Hamiltonian, even some small variations of energy could be investigated as indicated in the graphs in this manuscript.Item Liquid junction photocells synthesized with dye coated zinc oxide films(University of Kelaniya, 2010) Samarasekara, P.Zinc oxide (ZnO) films fabricated using low cost methods were employed to synthesize a liquid junction photocell explained in this report. Methyl violet dye has been coated on ZnO films to enhance the light absorption. The thickness of the ZnO film and the separation between the Platinum electrode and ZnO film were varied in order to obtain the maximum efficiency of the photocell. The best photocurrent and photo-voltage could be measured for ZnO films coated with methyl violet dye for 12 hours. The optimum photocurrent obtained was 0.24 mA/cm2, which was a higher photocurrent for Methyl violet coated ZnO films. But the photo-voltage measured was comparable to the photo-voltage of ZnO films measured by some other researchers. Hence, a considerably higher optimum efficiency such as 2.4% could be obtained for these ZnO films consist of ZnO nanoparticles. The higher effective surface area provided by ZnO nanoparticles is the possible reason for this higher photocurrent.Item Applied magnetic field and stress induced anisotropy dependence of energy for oriented ferromagnetic thick films(University of Kelaniya, 2008) Samarasekara, P.The energy of perfectly oriented thick ferromagnetic films at different applied magnetic field and stress was studied using classical model of Heisenberg Hamiltonian. For the values of parameters used in this report, the energy required to orient the film with 1000 layers in 41.4° or 57.6° directions becomes minimum at applied magnetic fields of ω Hout = 4.8 or ω Hin = 4.8, respectively. The film can be easily oriented in 172° direction by applying the external stress ω Ks = 3.6 perpendicular to the film plane, for the values of parameters used in this report. These final results mainly depend on the values of other parameters used for calculations. The energy becomes minimum and maximum at almost the same values of oriented angle (θ), in plane magnetic field, out of plane magnetic field and stress for both sc(001) and bcc(001 lattice types. But the values of energies corresponding to maxima and minima are slightly different for the sc(001) and bcc(001) lattices.Item Investigation of anisotropy constants dependence of ultra-thin ferromagnetic films with second order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian(University of Kelaniya, 2007) Samarasekara, P.The variation of energy of ferromagnetic ultra-thin films with second and fourth order anisotropy was investigated using Heisenberg Hamiltonian with second order perturbation. The study was limited to sc(001) film with three layers. Graphs indicate energy minimums at certain values of second order anisotropy, fourth order anisotropy and angle. Films with fourth order anisotropy ω )4( Dm =4 can be easily oriented in the direction given by angle of 2.66 radians for the values of other energy terms used in this simulation. When the second order anisotropy ( ω )2( Dm ) is 3.1, preferred direction is 0.754 radians. When the second order anisotropy varies at a constant value of fourth order anisotropy, the graph indicates more energy minimums.Item Oxygen partial pressure dependence of the coercivity of sputtered Polycrystalline nickel ferrite films(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Samarasekara, P.