International Conference on Buddhism and Jainism in Early Historic Asia

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    Jaina Religion in Ancient Sri Lanka
    (Centre for Asian Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2017) Bandara, N.; Bandara, D.; Harischandra, M.
    Jaina religion was one of the most popular religions that existed in ancient India. (It is well known as jainasm or jaina Sharma which belongs to the Sramana tradition) The religious leader of Jainism is known as Nigankanatha putta or Mahavira. Buddhist literature too mentions about Jainism in certain occurrences. Jainism was the first ever religion which invaded the South Asian countries such as South India, Mysore and Ceylon. Significant evidence can be found that can prove Jainism held and important place in ancient Sri Lanka. Local and foreign literary sources confirm the above fact. The main objective of this research is to discuss about the background of Jainism in ancient Sri Lanka based on the above sources. There are no definite factors to confirm as to how and when Jainism commenced its practices in ancient Sri Lanka. But there is evidence that Jainism dominated an authentic position in ancient Sri Lanka during the period of king Pandukabhaya. It becomes clear from Mahawamsa records to the effect that monasteries had been constructed for Jaina religions nominees named Jothiyagiri and Kumbanda. The above statements proves that Jainaism was the first ever religion was accorded the royal patronage of ancient Sri Lanka. Arrival of Arahant Mahinda Thera in Sri Lanka caused to create a new chapter in the history of ancient Sri Lanka. Buddhist doctrinal teachings evolved in the entire island effecting great influence on moral, virtuous and cultural lives of the citizens. Advent of Buddhism may have been strong enough to cause the decline of the powers of Jainaism. King Valagamba destroyed the monastery named Girinigantarama and built up Abhayagiri Viharaya at the same place which act resulted in degrading the authority of Jainaism. But it could be assumed that Jainaism raised its head again from time to time due to occurrences that took place after the Kings of this country left for South India for protection with the invasions of Paundyas and Cholas in Sri Lanka. There is no doubt that such religions influences may have had an impact on the customs, literature and the language which proves by the addition of adverse and unpleasant words like nasty, gaudy and indecorous etc.
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    A Study on Feminist Ideas of Jainism
    (Centre for Asian Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2017) Rupasinghe, S.
    The concept of feminism springs as a wave of philosophy cum a socio political movement in the 19th century and its breeding ground was Europe. Its ultimate aim can be phrased as an aggressive attempt to concretize for women equal opportunities in the matrix of social and economic aspects. The aggression rises against male dominance and imposes later an overall and inevitable influence on the later socio, cultural, political and educational spheres. As feminism thus proceeds as a socio movement it soon reaches as an educational movement into the premises of universities and higher learning institutes. The enlightened women opened their eyes to a bold truth i.e. that society hitherto has been seen through the eyes of men only. This trend went on to beget a new tendency i.e. to begin to view philosophy and religion from the feminist angle.The optimistic picture of the woman in India went into hiding with passing time and its ultimate visage was the Sathi ceremony by which widows were killed. As its opposites, this proposed research wishes to study on feminist thoughts in early Jain philosophy. This study is carried out with the aid of texts as its methodology. Jain female clergy had preceded Buddhist female clergy. It is said that in the Swethambara Jain sect, 4000 males and 36000 females were ordained. The females ordained in Jain sect were twice the number of males. Among the 24 Jain Theerthakaravara, there was a woman named Malli and she was the 19th of them. She was the chief cause of protest around the stand that women cannot achieve salvation.