ICH 2020/21
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/23178
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Item A Study on the Use of Sinhala Terms to Depict the Sri Lankan Culture in the Sri Lankan English Novels; Reef by Romesh Gu- nasekera and Paduma Meets the Sunbird by Nihal De Silva(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Ihalagama, I.H.This research study examines the manner in which Sinhala terms are used to depict the Sri Lankan culture in Sri Lankan English novels, by examining the two selected texts; Reef (1994) by Romesh Gunasekera and Paduma Meets the Sunbird (2006) by Nihal de Silva. This study attempts to investigate the research questions pertaining to what types of Sinhala terms have been used and how they have been utilised to portray the Sri Lankan culture in Sri Lankan English novels. The objectives of this research study are to identify different word categories used in the novels, and to examine the differences in the features of terminology used to emphasise the Sri Lankan culture by each author. In order to fulfil the above objectives, a qualitative research approach has been used. Moreover, the framework of the Five domains by Peter Newmark has been applied to this study to classify the terms identified from the novels under different cultural categories. Accordingly, the selected terms are examined and tabulated manually under several subtopics while analysing them with regards to their importance to the study. The findings of the study argue that the authors have used different word categories such as borrowings, calques, alien terms, hybrid compounds, and transferred terms to portray the Sri Lankan culture in literature, in addition to other features such as code mixing and the employment of direct Sinhala terms. Hence, this study concludes that when translating culture related terms into a second language, the borrowing of terms from the source language helps the reader to grasp the content of the text clearly and effectively, while enhancing the vivacity of representation of the Sri Lankan culture in literature.Item A Study on the Anthropomorphic Portrayal of Olympian Gods in the Epic Poem Iliad by Homer(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Fernando, D.C.V; Munasinghe, D.S.A; Manamperi, M.M.S.BClassical western literature such as Greek Epic poetry tend to portray the interventions of gods in human conflicts, as well as the gods who embody human qualities. Being one of the first written records of Greek mythology, the Iliad is a classic example to understand this intervention from the beginning to the end. Homer (c. 750 BCE) is perhaps the greatest of all epic poets and his legendary status was well established by the time of Classical Athens. He has composed two well-known poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, which were created and transmitted orally as they were not written down until much later. Therefore, this study intends to analyse the epic poem the Iliad by Homer, with a view on understanding anthropomorphic characteristics of ancient Olympian gods, while examining the interventions of those Gods in human conflicts. Since this is a study which is based on the classical literature, it was conducted by using qualitative research methods such as textual analysis. Homeric Opera in five volumes by Oxford University Press (1920), The Iliad by Homer with an English Translation by A.T. Murray and published by Harvard University Press; London (1924) were the two Iliad editions that was used for this study. According to the Homeric literature, the control of everything is vested in the hands of the gods, who are represented as the controllers of human lives. Thus, in order to control or intervene with human affairs, the gods disguise themselves as animals or people. Therefore, this study concludes that Homer has portrayed the Olympian Gods with both divine qualities and anthropomorphic features in the epic poem Iliad.Item Unani Medicine from Egypt to Hippocrates of Cos and Ayurveda Medicine to modern Day Are the Traditional medicinal Systems of Unani, Ancient Greek and Ayurveda Based on the Same Principles of Restoration of health?(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Randiwela, R. M. D. S.Out of the numerous medical systems, Unani medicinal system from Egypt, Greek medicine from ancient Greece and Ayurveda medicine from India can be identified as three principle traditional medicinal systems that have survived up to the modern world of medicine. It is remarkable to note that one can witness similarities in the teachings and practices based on the principles of restoration of health among these three traditional medicinal systems. This research concentrates on the three traditional medicinal systems of Unani, ancient Greek and Ayurveda to examine whether all three systems of traditional medicine are based on the same principles of restoration of health. Though it is difficult to find the primary influence, it can be seen that the basic principle of medicine is the basis of the three traditional medicinal systems, Unani, Greek and Ayurveda. traditional medicinal systems identify them to be blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Moreover, all three systems of medicine deal with the basic principle based on the concept of any disturbance caused to the balance/ equilibrium causes disease and by restoring balance to the unbalanced or disturbed, health can be restored to the body. A qualitative data analysis was used as the study had to interpret historical material in this study. Historic and comparative methods were also used to meet the expected findings and conclusions of the study.Item Redefined Gender Identity in Modern Adaptations of Classic French Fairy Tales: A Comparative Study of Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood (1697) and Catherine Hardwicke’s Red Riding Hood (2011)(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Thuduwage, H.G.T. PoornimaThis research study seeks to examine the manner in which prejudiced images of masculinity and femininity in the classic French fairy tale Le Petit Chaperon Rouge by Charles Perrault (1697) have been redefined in its modern cinematic adaptation, Red Riding Hood (2011) by Catherine Hardwicke. Originally written centuries ago, fairy tales never cease to reappear in literature in different forms, where modern adaptations often twist their original versions with significant modifications. Rede- fined gender identity is one such modification prominently observed in modern fairy tale adaptations. Accordingly, this research study primarily attempts to investigate two research questions pertaining to the nature of the images that are used to portray masculinity and femininity in the original tale and in its modern version, and the similarities and dissimilarities in the depiction of gender identities in the selected texts. This study was conducted according to a qualitative research design, where the selected texts were analysed to determine their individual character distribution, the development of the major characters and the plot, with focus on their influence on the construction of gender identity. Subsequently, the findings of this prelim- inary analysis were juxtaposed to identify their similarities and differences. This secondary comparative analysis revealed that women are redefined from victims to survivors and heroines, whereas men are redefined from supremely strong and frightening ‘beasts’ to sensitive beings capable of love. Moreover, the expanded character scheme, reconstruction of the major characters (both male and female) and plot resolutions in the modern version were identified to have played a substan- tial role in destabilising the gender constructs of the classic tale. Hence, this study concludes that the absolute gender images in the classic tale have been neutralized in the modern text.Item බෞද්ධ සාහිත්යයෙන් අනුප්රාණය ලද තත්කාලීන චිත්ර ශිල්පියා ස්වකීය සිතුවම් මාධ්ය ස්වාධීනව වර්ධනය කළ ආකාරය පිළිබඳ ප්රත්යවලෝකනය(මානවශාස්ත්ර පීඨය,කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්යාලය, ශ්රී ලංකාව, 2021) ඉලංගසිංහ, අයි.එම්.ටී.ශ්රී ලාංකේය සංස්කෘතියේ ප්රමුඛ කලා අංගයන් ලෙස බෞද්ධ සාහිත්ය හා බිතුසිතුවම් කලාව හඳුනාගත හැකිය. බිතුසිතුවම්හි සංකේත හැඩතල අංග, ද්රව්ය, මෙවලම්, සත්ව හා මානව රූ ආදි දෘශ්යමය හැඟවීම් සංඥා මගින් විවිධ අරුත් සම්පාදනය කරයි. පර්යේෂණයේ සිතුවම් විශ්ලේෂණය කරන ක්රමවේදය වන්නේ දාර්ශනික ජොහැන් ගල්තුංග්ගේ ඒ. බී. සී. ත්රිකෝණ න්යායයි. :න්දය්බ ඨ්කඑයමබට –්ඊක් ඔරසබටකැ* එම සංකථනයට අනුව ත්රිකෝණයේ බී ලක්ෂයෙන් දෘශ්යමාන වන්නේ එකී චර්යාව ලෙස හඳුනාගත හැකි බිතුසිතුවමේ දෘශ්යමය රූපක සමූහයයි. ඒ අනුව තිවංක බිතුසිතුවම් අතර තේමිය ජාතකයේ තේමිය කුමරුගේ ඇඳුම් ආයිත්තම්, උයන්පල්ලා හා අතැති උදැල්ල, අශ්ව කරත්තය සහ ශාක, තිවංක පිළිම ගේ, චුල්ල පදුපම ජාතකය සිතුවමේ ඇඳුම් පැළඳුම්, යමක් ලබාදීම, වසම්මලේ හා ඉන්දියානු අජන්තා සිතුවම්වල ලලනා රුවක් සුරතට බර ලබා දී ඇති ආකාරය ආදි දෘශ්යමය හැඟවීම් සංඥාවන් විශ්ලේෂණය කොට ඇත. එකී දෘශ්යමය සාධක තීව්ර කරන අදෘශ්යමාන සංකල්ප ලාංකේය අනන්යතාව කියාපාන අතර චිත්ර ශිල්පියා බෞද්ධ සාහිත්යයෙන් අනුප්රාණය ලද ප්රස්තුත භාවිත කළද ස්වාධීන ප්රකාශන මාධ්යක් ඔස්සේ බිතුසිතුවම් වර්ධනය කර ඇති ආකාරය හඳුනාගත හැකිය. මෙම පර්යේෂණයේ ගැටලුව වන්නේ ශ්රී ලාංකේය බිතුසිතුවම්හි දෘශ්යමාන විලාස මගින් ගම්යමාන කෙරෙන්නේ මොනවාද? යන්නයි. එකී බිතුසිතුවම්වල දෘශ්ය සාධක මගින් පොළොන්නරු හා අනුරාධපුර අවධියේ පුද්ගල භෞතික ස්වරූපය, පරිසර හිතකාමී හරිත නගර සංකල්පය, ප්රාග්ධනය හිමි පාලක හා පාලිත පන්තියේ හා යාචක වැනි පීඩිත පන්තිවල ස්වභාවය මෙන්ම සමාජ විෂමතාව පිළිබඳව දේශපාලනික කියැවීම්ද අන්තර්ගත වේ. එකී දේශපාලන විශ්ලේෂණය පැරණි ශ්රී ලාංකේය සමාජය ලබාගත් සංස්කෘතික අනන්යතාව බවටද පත් වෙයි. මේ අනුව බිතුසිතුවම්හි දෘශ්යමාන රූප සංඥාවන් මගින් සිතුවමේ අදෘශ්යමානවන චිත්ර ශිල්පියාගේ මතවාදය (ආකල්ප හා සන්දර්භය) නිරූපණය කෙරෙන අතර එය ශ්රී ලාංකේය සංස්කෘතික අනන්යතාව බවටද පත්වී ඇති අතර එමගින් තත්කාලීන චිත්ර ශිල්පියා බෞද්ධ සාහිත්යයේ අනුප්රාණය ලබමින් ස්වාධීන සිතුවම් සම්ප්රදායක් වර්ධනය කර ඇති ආකාරය හඳුනාගත හැකි වේ.Item ‘Why English? I Never Felt it as a Language, Anyway’: a Study of Language Ideologies and (Re)construction of Ethno-linguistic Identities Among Sri ankan Undergraduates(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Rathnasiri, Osanka H.In Second Language Acquisition, language learning and use are considered social phenomena which reconceptualise language learners as social beings, who are intrinsically linked to their social contexts through ideologies, identities and inequitable power relationships. These factors position the learner in spaces with varying degrees of opportunities for language use. Therefore, the construct of language ideologies and identities are essential to explore the learners’ ideologies and their relationships with the surrounding world. The use of English for communicative purposes among Sri Lankan state university undergraduates has been a topic of concern for decades, highlighting that these undergraduates do not often use English despite their English education for about 13 years at school, and sometimes following it as a subject for their bachelor’s degree. Emerging from the observations of disinclination to use English and the institutional requirements such as English medium instruction, this research explores language learners ideologies and (re) constructions of identities to identify the inhibitive factors related to speaking in English. Data for this study was generated using a background profile questionnaire, identity portraits, and narrative interviews. Using purposeful sampling, seven first- year undergraduates were selected as the research sample of this study. The data gathered was analysed using thematic method of narrative exploration to identify the impact of learners’ language ideologies which were shaped by their lived realities of having limited access to English, perceptions of English as a subject rather than a communication tool and the dominant identities, originated from the influence of their mother tongue. Thus, the interpretation of English as symbolic capital by macro language ideologies may contradict the micro language ideologies, leading to (re)constructions of identities exclusive of English which refute its ownership. This disclaimed ownership of English can expose the factors that inhibit the use of English by learners, an outcome of studying their language ideologiesItem A Study on Investigating the Effectiveness of Incorporating Ed- modo to Improve English as Second Language (ESL) Tertiary Learners’ Paragraph Writing Skills(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Ruwandika, J.D.K.The rapid growth of technological devices over the twenty first century has revolutionised different fields of science. Similarly, the invention and use of computers have had a tremendous impact on various aspects of scientific studies, while expanding its role from a mathematical device to a device that is used for general education. For example, Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) refers to the use of computers in the learning and teaching of English. CALL has played a vital role in personalising education while exposing language learners to a wide array of online learning platforms. Edmodo is one such platform that has been incorporated by many of the teachers for language instruction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Edmodo in improving the paragraph writing skills of tertiary level students’ who study English as a second language, while examining their perceptions towards its implementation. The study was conducted based on forty first year undergraduates of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Kelaniya, who were following the course, English for Humanities. The researcher has used a mixed methodology to gather data, which consisted of a pre-test, a post test and interviews. Quantitative data that was gathered for this study has been analysed using paired sample t-test of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 2.0 version (SPSS). The qualitative data of the study was analysed using a thematic analysis that follows the theoretical framework designed by Brown and Clarke (2006). The findings of the present study indicated that Edmodo could be used to improve paragraph writing skills of the tertiary level students. Simultaneously, participants displayed positive attitudes towards the implementation of Edmodo highlighting the ease of access, improved levels of confidence and motivation, reduction of learning cost and opportunities for interaction outside the classroom as reasons for their positive attitudes.Item Translanguaging as a Pedagogical Tool to Enhance Under- graduates’ Language skills: A Study on the Higher Education Sector in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Alahakoon, Himesha PrabodiniTranslanguaging can be considered as a metalinguistic tool that can be effectively utilised in the higher education sector of Sri Lanka due to its multilingual nature, where the utilitarian languages of the majority are either Sinhala or Tamil. This study focuses on the research problem pertaining to the lack of interest exhibited by students in learning English and their lack of competency in English. This is a result of both teachers and students indicating resistance in the use of their first language in the English language classroom, owing to the second language learning and teaching culture and some other issues surrounding English language teaching in Sri Lanka. Thus, the objectives of the study are to examine the perspectives of students and language teachers on the utilisation of translanguaging in language classrooms and to measure its effectiveness in improving the students’ English language competency. This research study was conducted with the participation of a focus group of 60 students who belong to the higher education sector in Sri Lanka. Moreover, data has also been gathered from 30 educators who engage in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) within the field of higher education. The results of the study revealed that the students are willing to alternate between languages for the purposes of communication, meaning making and to acquire a better understanding of language pedagogy. However, 15 teachers have stated that the target language (L2) should be taught while excluding the use any other languages comprising their mother tongue (L1) as well, arguing that it may negatively affect the accuracy and standards of second language acquisition. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the ways in which translanguaging can be utilised as a pedagogical tool to enhance the language skills of the students, by perceiving it as a point of mediation in language learning.Item An Investigation on Effective Methods of Teaching Literature to Learners of German as a Foreign Language(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Wijethilake, S. PeumicaThe study of literature plays a vital role in language teaching as well as learning. It is obvious that a good literary text can stimulate the learners to think beyond what they see, to familiarize themselves with the other cultures and make them more interested in the target language. This paper focuses on the methodologies used in teaching German literature and recommends effective methods which can be used during teaching literature to the university students. The sample consisted of 27 undergraduates of German as a Foreign Language at the University of Kelaniya, who follow the three year and four-year Honours Degree programs in German for the Bachelor of Arts Degree. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and to collect the quantitative data, the oral presentations, class tests and assignments were evaluated. Secondary data for the study were obtained through printed and electronic resources. The study showed that two methods were successful to improve the literary skills and to awaken the interest among the students towards literature. Interpretation through listening comprehension proved to be successful in teaching poems and songs, whereas to teach the novels and short stories, different methods were combined such as connecting the text to real-life situations and using multiple interpretations. Therefore, it was concluded, that the combination of different methods is the most successful method to teach literature in a foreign language classroom, which also enhances the language skills as well as the literary skills of the students.Item An Illumination of the Christian Gospel of Luke to Promote the Dignity of Women in the Apparel Industry of Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Samarasinghe, Sanduni MaheshaThis research study seeks to demonstrate that the illumination of the Gospel of Luke can be utilised to promote the dignity of the women workers in today’s garment industry in Sri Lanka. The formulation of investment zones became a prominent economic development policy in Sri Lanka in 1977. In addition to these invest- ment zones, garment factories were opened at the divisional level, where small and medium-scale garment factories were founded in various Divisional Secretariats throughout the island. Such institutions are also common in the Katana Division- al Secretariat, where women workers from the Katana Divisional Secretariat and other rural areas continue to be attracted to these organizations in large numbers. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to comparatively examine the sense of dignity that Jesus granted to women in his contemporary Jewish society, and the dignity of the present-day female workers in the garment industry of Sri Lanka. For the purpose of the study, a sample of forty female workers employed in the garment factories within the Katana Divisional Secretariat were selected under the random sampling method. Preliminary data and information were obtained from this sample by distributing questionnaires, conducting interviews and using other observational methods. The data and information obtained were then analysed and presented by utilising descriptive statistical tools. Hence, this study endeavours to explore the manner in which Jesus’ efforts as a true humanitarian noble leader to reform the religious, political, social and cultural structures of his contemporary Jewish society can be likewise applied to promote and secure the dignity of women workers in the garment industry of Sri Lanka.Item Existentialism in Raja Rao’s The Cat and Shakespeare: A Com- parative Analysis of Govindan Nair and Søren Kierkegaard(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Ekanayake, Janitha N. B.India is a country composed of sophisticated civilisations that have given birth to a number of rich philosophies which have influenced many Indian writers in English. Raja Rao, one of the first three prominent Indian writers who wrote in English, has likewise utilised Indian philosophies in formulating his fiction and characters. The protagonist of Rao’s novel, The Cat and Shakespeare (1965), Govindan Nair epitomises the influence of Sri Ramanujacharya’s philosophy of Vishishta Advaita Vedanta. However, attentive scrutiny upon the afore mentioned character would suggest that Govindan Nair is also an existentialist in practice. Hence, the study attempts to examine the parallelism between Govindan Nair and Existentialism, in order to assess the validity of the hypothesis that similarities could be found between Nair’s ideology and Søren Kierkegaard’s existentialist thoughts. As a qualitative research, the study is based on a thorough textual analysis of the mentioned novel, while a comparative analysis with Kierkegaard’s philosophical thoughts is conducted to formulate the theoretical framework for the research study. The study elucidates that Govindan Nair has comprehended the futility of materialistic life and the attempt to pursue worldly desires, which are the essence of existentialist thought. However, unlike atheistic existentialists such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Heidegger, Govindan Nair transforms himself into God in order to seek salvation. Hence, Govindan Nair’s ideology accurately conforms to the thoughts of Søren Kierkegaard, the father of existentialism. Accordingly, the study concludes that there is precise parallelism between Kierkegaard’s existentialist ideas and the philosophical positioning of Govindan Nair.Item A Study on Anxiety in Speaking English among Tertiary Level Learners of English as a Second Language(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Alwis, OshaniSpeaking English is one of the major challenges for students in Sri Lanka who learn English as a Second Language (ESL). It is often believed that English language speaking skills of students are not prioritised when compared to other language learning skills such as reading, writing and listening. Several studies based on classroom observation have provided ample evidence to show that students learning ESL are often hesitant and anxious when they speak in English. Thus, this research study aims to explore the causes of anxiety felt by tertiary level learners of ESL at the University College of Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. The study will ascertain specific speech situations that cause anxiety and the strategies used by the learners to overcome anxiety when speaking English. The anxiety coping strategies used by the students are further analysed by the teachers of ESL. In the context of this research, the English knowledge of the students who have transferred from primary, secondary to tertiary educational levels will be a factor of consideration when examining their exposure to the target language. This study was conducted according to a research design of a survey that focused upon a selected group of thirty male and female students pursuing the Higher National Diploma in Technology at the University College of Ratmalana. In order to assess the causes of anxiety in speaking English, a questionnaire was distributed amongst the participants, and five teachers teaching English as a Second Language were interviewed to explore effective pedagogical approaches that could be employed to overcome the anxiety of the learners. Accordingly, this research suggests recommendations for both educators and students to overcome the problems of learner anxiety when speaking English as a Second Language.Item A Comparative Study on the Acceptances of Moodle by the High Proficient and Low Proficient Level ESL Undergradu- ates in the Faculty of Business Studies and Finance(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Hakadewaththe, Nipuni P.; Chandrasekara, N.; Bandara, Rajindra P.The escalation of technology has provided educational institutions with opportuni- ties to blend the technology into their curriculum. This study is done to compare and contrast the acceptance of Moodle by the high proficient and low proficient under- graduates. This study mainly focuses on the participation of students in assignments, quizzes and discussion forums in the online learning platform. This research study was conducted using the mix method since the data of the research were gathered and analyzed by using both quantitative and qualitative methods within the same study. The actual research instruments employed in the study were based on a ques- tionnaire and interviews. This study was conducted on 510 participants of the Fac- ulty of Business Studies and Finance at the Wayamba University in Sri Lanka based on the purposive sampling technique to investigate the acceptance of the Moodle by the participants. The qualitative information was analyzed using the questionnaires. Further, the findings demonstrate that the participation in the activities by the stu- dents in both groups in the Moodle is considerably satisfactory. Conclusively, it is proven that the Moodle is a successful tool which can be used in the classroom as an effective way of approaching the students to teach English Language. Finally, the suggestion is to use the blended learning method in the ESL classroom in order to get the maximum results.Item A Study on the Use of Online Streaming Media by the Undergraduates of the Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya.(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Podduwage, D. Randula; Rathnayake, R.M.P.F.; Manuratne, P.Recognised as one of the modern techniques in the video industry, Video Streaming refers to the use of online platforms to deliver and view video materials through the internet. People can engage with these videos whenever they want, if they have access to an internet connection. Due to the attractiveness of this new medium of delivering video content, video streaming has become a popular mode of entertainment and sharing information, resulting in a relatively low use of traditional media such as television in the contemporary society. Thousands of video materials are uploaded to the internet within a minute, some of which garner millions of views. Studies have been carried out that focus on such aspects in an international level, which points to the general lack of research that explores the ways in which online video materials can be used within the Sri Lankan context. Therefore, the effects of using streaming media on a national level remains a research area that needs to be explored. In its attempt to address this research gap, the present study is focused on understanding the use of online streaming medium by the undergraduates of the Sri Lankan universities in their day-to-day life. Data for the study (both quantitative and qualitative) are gathered by distributing a Questionnaire and conducting interviews with the students who were selected from the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Kelaniya. By analysing the data gathered through the above research methods this study has concluded that, the undergraduates of the Faculty of Humanities have chosen the streaming media as a means of escaping their hectic schedules and relieving their stress, rather than employing such media for their educational purposes.Item පොදු මානව විමුක්තිය තුළ ස්ත්රිය නියෝජනය නොවීම: හෙන්රි ජයසේනගේ“කුවේණි” නාට්යය ඇසුරින්(මානවශාස්ත්ර පීඨය,කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්යාලය, ශ්රී ලංකාව, 2021) දර්ශිකා, හේවාගමගේ චාමනීනුතනවාදී කලාව පිළිබදව චැඩ්වික් (උයසඑබැහ ක්ය්ාඅසජන) පවසන ආකාරයට ස්ත්රිය හඳුනා ගන්නේ ස්වභාවධර්මයට වඩාත් සමීප එනම්, ස්ත්රීත්වය යනුම සහජ ගුප්ත බව, නොදැමුණු ලිංගිකත්වය, විනාශකාරී ශක්තිය ආදි ගුණාංග ආශ්රයෙනි. මහාවංශයේ එන කුවේණි පිළිබඳ කතා පුවත ඒ සඳහා කදිම නිදසුනකි. එය මූලාශ්රය කරගනිමින් හෙන්රි ජයසේන විසින් “කුවේණි” නාට්ය 1962 දී රචනා කරන ලදි. තම කෘතිය පිළිබඳ අදහස් දක්වමින් ඔහු කියා සිටියේ “කුවේණිය මා දකින්නේ මෙලොව සදාතනික ගැහැනිය ලෙසයි” යනුවෙනි. මෙම පර්යේෂණයේ අරමුණ වන්නේ කුවේණිය මෙලොව සදාතනික ගැහැනිය යන සංකල්පය නියෝජනය කරන්නේද යන ගැටලුව විමර්ශනය කිරීමයි. මෙහිදී ස්ත්රිය සම්බන්ධයෙන් ගතානුගතික අදහසක් ප්රකාශ වන අතර, සිදුවිය යුත්තේ ස්ත්රියට දයානුකම්පාව දැක්වීම නොව, ඇය සතුව පවතින විභවාත්මක හැකියාව දැක්වීම තුළින් ස්ත්රියද මනුෂ්ය පැවැත්මක් ලෙස යළි අර්ථකථනය කිරීමයි. යුරෝ-ඇමෙරිකානු ස්ත්රීවාදී ව්යාපාරය හා ස්ත්රීවාදී කලා සම්ප්රදාය දියුණු මට්ටමක පැවතියද, ස්ත්රිය බලගන්වනසුලු ගතික ස්ත්රී ව්යාපාරයක් ලංකාවේ බිහිවී නොතිබුණි. “ගැහැනියක් යනු කුමක්ද?” යන්න ඉතිහාසයේ දාර්ශනික ප්රශ්නයක් ලෙස යොමු කරනු ලබන්නේ හෛඩෙගරියානු විශාරදයෙකු වන සිමෙන් දි බෝවා :ීසපදබැ ාැ ඊැ්මඩදසර* විසිනි. ඇය පුද්ගලයාගේ මැදිහත්වීම සහ පුද්ගල ක්රියාවන් හරහා ඉතිහාසය වෙනස් කිරීමේ විභවය සාකච්ඡා කරන්නීය. ජුඩිත් බට්ලර් (න්මාසඑය ඊමඑකැර) විසින්ද සම්භාව්ය ස්ත්රීවාදයේ ලිංගිකත්වය :ීැං* හා ස්ත්රීපුරුෂ සමාජභාවය (ටැබාැර) අතර වෙනස අභියෝග යට ලක් කරයි. ඇය පවසන්නේ ලිංගික අනන්යතාව යනු අප විසින් නිරූපණය කරනු ලබන දෙයක් ලෙසයි (“ටැබාැර සි එයැ චැරදෙරප්එසඩැ”). මෙකී අදහස් දෙස අවධානය යොමු කිරීමේදී පෙනී යන්නේ කුවේණි නාට්ය පුරුෂමූලික කතිකාවේ පිළිබිඹුවක් බවයි. දේශීය සංස්කෘතිය හා බැඳි වෘත්තාන්තයකින් බිහිවූ මෙම නාට්යයේ නිරූපිත ස්ත්රිය පිළිබඳ අදහස සදාකාලික ස්ත්රිය ලෙස සමාජගත කළ හැකිද?. මේ සඳහා ඉහත දාර්ශනික අදහස් තුළින් නාට්යයෙන් නිරූපිත ස්ත්රිය පිළිබඳ අදහස විසංයෝජනය කිරීමට අපේක්ෂා කෙරේ. ශ්රී ලංකාව තුළ ජනප්රිය තලයේදී, මෙවන් සංස්කෘතික ප්රවණතා පිළිබඳ අදහස් ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම් ඉතා හීන වන අතර, මෙකී කතිකාව සූක්ෂම ලෙස සංකල්පීය හා ඥානවිභාගාත්මක වශයෙන් වඩාත් ගතික ශාස්ත්රීය මට්ටමකට රැගෙන යනු ලැබේ.Item පොළොන්නරු යුගයෙන් හමුවන රූකම් හා මූර්ති ඇසුරින් ප්රතිනිර්මිත නෘත්ය සංමාර්ගදර්ශකය(මානවශාස්ත්ර පීඨය,කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්යාලය, ශ්රී ලංකාව, 2021) ගුණරත්න, දුලංගාලොව දියුණු නොදියුණු මානව සමාජයන්හි සංස්කෘතික අනන්යතාවේ එක් සුවිශේෂ පැතිකඩක් නර්තනයට හිමි වේ. දියුණු සංස්කෘතියකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්රී ලංකාවේද වර්තමානයේ ප්රචලිත සාම්ප්රදායික නර්තන කලාව මෙන්ම එම සම්ප්රදායන්ට පූර්ණ වශයෙන්ම වෙනස්වූ ඉපැරණි නර්තන කලාවක් මහනුවර යුගයට පෙර ශ්රී ලංකාවේ ප්රචලිතව පැවති බවට සාධක හමුවේ. එසේ වුවද මහනුවර යුගයට පෙර ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පැවති නැටුම් ක්රම කවරේද? යන්න පිළිබඳ නිසි අවබෝධයක් අප සතු නොවේ. මෙයට හේතුව වන්නේ මහනුවර යුගයේදී සහ ඊට පෙර යුගවලදී ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පැවති නැටුම් කලාවේ ආකෘති හා ශෛලි පිළිබඳව මෙන්ම වාදන විලාස පිළිබඳව සිදුකළ ශාස්ත්රීය අධ්යයනවල හිඟතාවයි. අනුරාධපුර යුගයෙන් පසු එළඹෙන ක්රි:ව 1017 - ක්රි:ව 1236 කාල පරිච්ඡේදයට අයත් පොළොන්නරු යුගයේදී ඉතා දියුණු ලෙස ව්යාප්තවූ නර්තන කලාවක් පැවති බව හා එම නර්තනය දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ ප්රචලිත දාසි ආට්ටම් ශෛලියට සමානත්වයක් දරන බවට ඓතිහාසික මූලාශ්රය සාධක සපයයි. පොළොන්නරු යුගයට අයත් පොළොන්නරු කෞතුකාගාරයෙන් හමුවන ශිව ප්රතිමාව, දැදිගම සූතිඝර චෛත්යයෙන් හමුවූ ඇත් පහනේ රූකම්, හැටදාගේ පිටත බිත්තියේ ඇති රූකම්, ලංකාතිලක විහාරය හා නිශ්ශංක ලතා මණ්ඩපයට අයත් රූකම් වෙන් වෙන් වශයෙන් ගත්කල මෙම සෑම මූලාශ්රයකම ශෛලිය දක්ෂිණ භාරතීය දාසි නර්තනයේ චලනයන්ට අත්යන්තයෙන්ම සමානය. දාසි ආට්ටම් නොහොත් භරත නාට්යම් ශෛලියේ නිරූපිත චාරී හා ස්ථානක භේද මෙන්ම නර්තනයේ භාවාත්මක ගුණය මෙම මූලාශ්රයන්හි මොනවට නිරූපිතය. මෙම පර්යේෂණ පත්රිකාවේ ප්රධාන අරමුණ වනුයේ පොළොන්නරු යුගයට අයත් රූකම් හා මූර්තිවල චලනමය ගුණය ප්රතිව්යුහගත කිරීමය. තත් යුගයට අයත් සංස්කෘතිකමය සංසිද්ධි ප්රතිනිරූපණාත්මක මෙම මූලාශ්රය පුළුල්ව අධ්යයනය කරමින් රංග වින්යාස මූලධර්ම ගණනාවක් භාවිතයට ගනිමින් අතීත නර්තන කලාවක ස්වරූපය නිර්මාණ කෘතියක් එළි දැක්වීමට මෙමගින් අපේක්ෂිතය. එය ඉපැරණි නර්තනයේ අනන්යතාව සුරක්ෂිත කරන නව දිශානතියක් වනු නොඅනුමානය.Item ඇඟලුම් ක්ෂේත්රයේ නියුතු කාන්තාවන්ගේ උදාරත්වය ප්රවර්ධනය සඳහා කිතුනු ලූක් සුබාරංචි චින්තනයේ ආලෝකනය(මානවශාස්ත්ර පීඨය,කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්යාලය, ශ්රී ලංකාව, 2021) සමරසිංහ, සඳුනි මහේෂාශ්රී ලංකාවේ ආර්ථික සංවර්ධන ප්රතිපත්ති අතර 1977 රජය විසින් ක්රියාත්මක කරන ලද ආයෝජන කලාප සඳහා ප්රමුඛස්ථානයක් හිමි විය. විවෘත ආර්ථිකයේ බලගැන්වීමෙන් ක්රියාත්මක මෙම ආයෝජන කලාපවලට පරිබාහිරව, පසුකාලීන ප්රාදේශීය ඇඟලුම් කර්මාන්ත ශාලා විවෘත විය. මෙම කුඩා හා මධ්ය පරිමාණ ඇඟලුම් ආයතන දිවයින පුරා ප්රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයන්හි නිරීක්ෂණය කළ හැකි අතර කටාන ප්රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයේ ද මෙවැනි ආයතන සුලබව දක්නට ඇත. කටාන ප්රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයේ වෙසෙන කාන්තා ශ්රමික පිරිස් මෙන්ම සෙසු ගම්බද පෙදෙස්වල සිට පැමිණෙන කාන්තා ශ්රමිකයෝ ද විශාල ප්රමාණයක් මෙම රැකියා ස්ථාන වෙත අඛණ්ඩව ආකර්ෂණය වෙමින් සිටිති. ඇඟලුම් ක්ෂේත්රයේ නියුතු කාන්තාවන්ගේ උදාරත්වය ප්රවර්ධනය සඳහා කිතුනු ලූක් සුබාරංචි චින්තනයේ ආලෝකනය යන පර්යේෂණ පත්රිකාවේ මුඛ්ය අරමුණ වන්නේ ලූක් සුබාරංචියට අනුව ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සමකාලීන ජුදා සමයේ කාන්තාවන්ට හිමි කර දුන් උදාරත්වය හා ඇඟලුම් ක්ෂේත්රයේ නියුක්ත වර්තමාන කාන්තා ශ්රමිකයන්ගේ උදාරත්වය අතර පවතින සමාන-අසමානතා තුලනාත්මකව අධ්යයනය කිරීමයි. ඒ සඳහා කටාන ප්රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයේ ඇඟලුම් කර්මාන්ත ශාලාවල රැකියාවේ නියුක්ත කාන්තා ශ්රමිකයන් හතළිහක් අහඹු නියැඳි ක්රමය යටතේ තෝරාගෙන එම නියැඳියෙන් ප්රශ්නාවලීි, සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡා හා නිරීක්ෂණ ක්රමවේදය උපයෝගී කරගනිමින් ප්රාථමික දත්ත හා තොරතුරු ලබා ගැනුණි. එසේ ලබාගත් දත්ත හා තොරතුරු විස්තරාත්මක සංඛ්යානමය ක්රමවේදය මගින් විශ්ලේෂණය කෙරුණි. තවද මෙම පර්යේෂණයෙන් අනාවරණය වූයේ ජේසු තුමා සැබෑ මානවවාදියෙකු හා උදාරතර නායකයෙකු වශයෙන් සමකාලීන ජුදා සමාජයේ කාන්තාවන්ට හිමිව පැවති අඩු ගරුත්වය සහිත ආගමික දේශපාලන සමාජ හා සංස්කෘතික ව්යූහ ප්රතිසංස්කරණයට ලබා දුන් ආලෝකය වර්තමාන ඇඟලුම් ක්ෂේත්රයේ නියුක්ත කාන්තා ශ්රමිකයන්ගේ උදාරත්වය ප්රවර්ධනය සඳහා උසස් අන්දමින් උපයෝගී කරගත හැකි බවයි.Item An Investigative Study of the Spread of Hinduism in the Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Eras(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Amitharathana, Ven. UlpathagamaArchaeological evidence reveals that Hinduism has more or less Spread during the Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa eras. Since Anuradhapura era, Hinduism has spread in the country due to the influence of Tamils and the various political changes that took place in the country. king Pandukabhaya Who succeeded king Panduvasudewa designed the city of Anuradhapura with an urban culture which is recognised as a unique city plan of the Rajarata civilization. In the meantime, Sena Gupttika seized state power after the reign of Suratissa, ruling the Country for about 22 years. However, it was not uncommon to observe the spread of Hinduism under their rule. After king Elara came into power, it was not possible to observe the construction of a large number of Hindu shrines during that period. Hinduism is prevalent in the Abhayagiri Vihara tradition of Sri Lanka which was formed after the Maha vihara tradition. Although the Theravada tradition was initially followed in the Abhayagiri temple complex, they adopted the Mahayana tradition later on due to various reasons. Hindu religious features such as Avalokiteshvara Bodhisatva statues, bronze diamond, can be seen in this monastery complex. This diamond is mentioned in Vedic literature as the weapon of the god Indre, the chief of the gods, and is said to be a symbol of his power and strength. There is also evidence of Hindu influence in the Jethawana and other monastery complexes, built after the Abhayagiri tradition. Almost all the ruins in Polonnaruwa were belong to king Solin king Vijayabahu the great and king Nissankamalla. Art and architecture of Buddhist and Hindu traditions can be distinguished from the ruins of Polonnaruwa. These information indicate that the influence of Hinduism which dates back to Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa eras has spread to the present era.Item Lack of Representation of Women in Common Human Liberation: From Henry Jayasena's Play 'Kuveni’(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Darshika, Hewagamage ChamaneeAccording to Whitney Chadwick, modernist art recognises a woman's intimacy with nature, that is, femininity itself, through its innate mystique, unbridled sexuality, and destructive power. The best example of these qualities is Kuveni's story in Mahawanshaya. In 1962, Henry Jayasena wrote the play Kuveni, which was inspired by this story. In his explanation of the character of Kuveni, the dramatist Henry Jayasena once interpreted her “as an eternal woman of the world". Taking the above remark as its point of departure, this research aims to determine whether Kuveni represents the concept of “an eternal woman in this world” who emblematises women's traditional ideologies. It analyses whether Kuveni has been represented as a woman seeking sympathy; or as a re-interpretation of women's potential and its possibilities. During the time in which the drama was produced, there have been advanced feminist movements in Euro-American countries, the influence of which could not be seen in Sri Lanka. For instance, the ideas popularised by the feminists such as Simone de Beauvoir who examined the role a person's intervention can play in changing the power of history of divided sex and gender, along with Judith Butler’s ideas on the performativity of gender identities, exerted a significant influence upon the contemporary society. In light of those perspectives, Jayasena's Kuveni can be recognised as a reflection of the patriarchal discourses. Thus, this study investigates whether it is possible to socialise the idea of the woman depicted in this play, which is derived from a local cultural story, as the eternal woman. Thus, this study deconstructs the idea of the woman portrayed in Henry Jayasena's 'Kuveni’ in its attempt to achieve this objective of the study. Therefore, it will address the dearth in popular commentary on such cultural trends in Sri Lanka, bringing it into a more dynamic and academic level.Item අනුරාධපුර හා පොළොන්නරු යුගයන්හි හින්දු දහමේ ව්යාප්තිය පිළිබඳ විමර්ශනාත්මක අධ්යයනයක්(මානවශාස්ත්ර පීඨය,කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්යාලය, ශ්රී ලංකාව, 2021) අමිතරතන, උල්පතගමශ්රී ලංකාවේ හින්දු දහමේ ව්යාප්තිය පිළිබඳ කරුණු සාකච්ඡා කිරීමේදි එහි ඓතිහාසික පසුබිම අනුරාධපුර යුගය දක්වාම ගමන්කරන බව දැකගත හැකිවේ. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ භූගෝලීය පසුබිම අධ්යයනය කිරීමේදී ඉන්දීය සාගරයේ කුඩා දූපතක් වශයෙන් ශ්රී ලංකාව හඳුනාගත හැකිය. ඒ අනුව මෙම දූපතට අතීතයේ සිට වර්තමානය දක්වාම විවිධ ආක්රමණයන්ට ඍජුවම මුහුණදීමට සිදුව තිබේ. එම ආක්රමණිකයන් අතර එක් කණ්ඩායමක් වශයෙන් ද්රවිඩයන් හඳුනාගත හැකිය. ඔවුන් මෙරටට සංක්රමණය වීම පදනම්කොටගෙන හින්දු දහමේ ව්යාප්තිය සිදුවූ ආකාරය ඓතිහාසික තොරතුරු මඟින් අනාවරණය වේ. අනුරාධපුර යුගයේ මහාවිහාරික භික්ෂූන්වහන්සේලා හා අභයගිරික භික්ෂූන්වහන්සේලා අතර ඇතිවූගැටුම්කාරී ස්වභාවය පදනම්කොටගෙන මෙරට මහායාන දර්ශනය ස්ථාපනය වීමට අවශ්ය පාරිසරික පසුබිම සකස් විණි. එහි ප්රතිඵලයක් ලෙස මහායාන දර්ශනයත් සමඟ මෙරට හින්දු දහමේ ආභාසය බහුලව ලැබෙන්නට විය. ඒ අනුව හින්දු දහමට අදාළ පූජනීය වස්තූන් බෞද්ධ ආරාම සංකීර්ණය තුළට සංක්රමණය වන්නට විය. අනුරාධපුර රාජධානි බිඳ වැටීමෙන් පසුව නව රාජධානියක් බිහි වනුයේ පොළොන්නරුවේය. එය ආරම්භවී මද කලක් ගත වන විට ද්රවිඩ ආක්රමණ ඇති විය. එහි ප්රතිඵලයක් වූයේ ඔවුන්ගේ ආගමට අදාළ පූජනීය ආගමික සිද්ධස්ථාන රාශියක් නිර්මාණය වී තිබීමයි. අනුරාධපුර යුගයෙන් ආරම්භ වූ මෙම හින්දු ආගමික සංකල්ප තවමත් ජනයා අතර පවතින බවට වර්තමානයේද සාක්ෂ්ය හමු වේ. විශේෂයෙන් උතුරුමැද පළාතේ පෞරාණික සෑම ස්ථානයකම පාහේ හින්දු ආගමට අදාළ දෙවි කෙනෙක් සේ සැලකෙන පුල්ලෙයාර් දෙවියන් උදෙසා තවමත් පුද සත්කාර නොඅඩුවම සිදුකෙරෙයි. ඒ සම්බන්ධයෙන් බොහෝ දෙනා මහත් වූ විශ්වාසයෙන් කටයුතු කරති. වර්තමානය වනවිට ශ්රී ලාංකිකයෝ සිංහල ද්රවිඩ භේදයක් නොමැතිවම හින්දු සංකල්පය අනුගමනය කරති. අනුරාධපුර යුගයේ ඉදි කරන ලද අභයගිරි විහාර සම්ප්රදායට මහායාන සම්ප්රදාය ඇතුළු වීමත් සමඟ හින්දු දහමේ ආභාසය ලැබී තිබේ. එමෙන්ම පොළොන්නරු යුගයට රාජධානි මාරුවීමේදී සොළීන්ගේ ආක්රමණයත් සමග ඔම ලක්ෂණ වඩාත් දියුණු තත්ත්වයට රැගෙන ගිය බව හින්දූන්ගේ ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පයත් කලාවත් අධ්යයනය කිරීමෙන් මනාව පැහැදිලිවේ. එමෙන්ම අනුරාධපුර පොළොන්නරු යුගයන්හි ආරම්භවූ මෙම හින්දූන්ගේ බලපෑම වර්තමාන යුගය දක්වාම ව්යාප්ත වූ බව මෙම අධ්යයනය තුළින් ගම්යමාන වේ.