ISSRS 2018

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New Trends of US-Sri Lanka Diplomatic Relations
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Malsha, N.K.
The 70th anniversary of US-Sri Lankan diplomatic relations was celebrated in 2018. The diplomatic relations between the US and Sri Lanka are mainly based on mutual interests, a shared commitment to the ideals of democratic governance, progress and development. The US has prioritized sovereignty, moderate nonaligned foreign policy, and support for Sri Lankan unity, territorial integrity, democracy and socio-economic development through their foreign policy towards Sri Lanka. The US can be distinguished as the largest trading partner of Sri Lanka. In this study new trends of US-Sri Lanka diplomatic relations were examined with a perspective of Sri Lankan citizen. The US is the super power in this international system. Therefore, Sri Lanka much more needs mechanisms, strong and strategic foreign policies when engage with the US. Dynamic nature and fluctuations are reflected in the United States- Sri Lanka diplomatic relations from 2005 to 2018. These dynamics have negatively consequence on US-Sri Lanka diplomatic relations. Therefore, the factors which constrained diplomatic relations can reflect in bi lateral diplomatic relations due to considerable reasons during the time period of 2005-2018. The main objective of this research study is to evaluate the reasons for these dynamics of diplomatic relations between the US and Sri Lanka. This article is based on qualitative secondary data obtained from online articles and other sources such as E-books, E-reports, some journals published by various institutions related to US-Sri Lankan relations. The study scope is to identify the economic and political relations between both actors from 2005 to 2018. The research findings manifest that US- Sri Lankan relations are largely based on development assistant and human rights. It also concludes that both countries can uplift their relations through mutual understanding
Economic Revival of Germany: A New Economic Hegemon in the European Union (Post World War II)
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Kulathunga, K.D.
After the Second World War, countries of the European Union had collapse and their economies have severely damaged. Because of this, they had to face an economic recession. To face this great depression different countries adopted different economic models and political economic policies. But Germany is the only country which was recovered stronger and quicker, when compared to other countries. This economic recovery known as “Wirtschaftswunder”. According to the political economic performances of the Germany, without a doubt, it has achieved a remarkable millstone in development process. Therefore, the problem of this study is, how Germany was able to achieve economic stability and economic growth, compared with other European countries. Based on the research problem, objectives of the research are to identify the German hegemonic role in the European Union and to explore the development policies which have been implemented to enhance Germany’s economic growth and stability in past Second World War scenario. To conduct this research, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. Due to the difficulty of gathering primary data, because this research is based on another country, secondary data have been used. IMF economic statistics data used to analyze and examine the rapid economic growth of Germany compared to other states in the European Union. This study used the descriptive analytical tools and techniques to analyze the data. From this study we can learn how Germany recovered from these major crises by adopting and implying economic theories and in the future, we can apply these theoretical findings of the research to contribute to the economically struggling nations to strengthen their economy
A study on India and China Relations
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayamali, K.M.C.
This paper concerns the big issue of our time: the rise of India and China and the challenges faced by them. As the emerging powers of Asia, both India and China enter into the power game and they try to safeguard their position in the Asian continent. They struggle for future leadership. China is a fast-growing country and India's powerful neighbor. There is a strategic competition between India and China in the Indian Ocean. But still, India and China maintain their normal relations. But both India and China need to emerge as the major powers of the Indo-pacific. Sometimes their relations become more difficult. Their power capabilities, wealth and national interest come in front in that sense. China's growing presence of Indian Ocean, as well as the South Asian region, became an important strategic involvement. But India wants to become the leader in South Asia and also India has the priority to become the leader. The data has been collected under the qualitative method and analysis has been done with SWOT and theoretical analysis. In this research focus on contemporary diplomatic relations and security-related issues between India and China. China and India are the traditional states with the traditional issues and increase the mistrust and hostility between those giants. It became the serious damage to their friendship and especially it negatively impacted on smaller states in South Asia.
India’s Hegemonic Power Position in South Asia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rangika Prabhani, H.M.
South Asia is the southern region of the Asian continent and extends from the major part of the continent to the Indian Ocean. South Asia typically consists of India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. One important aspect of change is the emergence of India as the region’s predominant military power. India is a main country of the South Asian region and it is the world second most populous country in the world. India is the world’s most popular democracy and fastest growing major economic country which has the third largest army force. India dominates the whole area geographically. India is the only country that shares a large coastline with all other six states while none of them have common borders with each other. The purpose of the study to identify India’s hegemonic position and its influence on smaller states in the South Asian Region. India is position is significant in bringing stability to the region. The region has confronted with conflicts and political instability including wars between the region’s two nuclear-armed states. Most of time India work as big brother providing stability to the region. This study examines the reason, why India has become a hegemonic state in South Asia and how it has an impact in smaller states security in the region and reactions of smaller states in South Asia Secondary data were collected which is the appropriate topic and consider qualitative data analysis. The study shows that the position of India in the South Asian region and determines the involvement of internal matters of other countries in the region. The research concludes the India emergence as a hegemonic power in the South Asian region, it has been a threat to other South Asian countries. It is the huge problem in the region. The expansions of India’s power, perceived by neighbors as a threat. Therefore, smaller states in the region try to build up a friendly relationship with extra-regional powers. However smaller states of the South Asia region perceived India as a threat to their survival
Socio-economic Impacts of Border Disputes: Special Reference to Gaza Issue in Palestine
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rathnasiri, K.M.A.N.
Considering the world history that witnessed many wars in previous century in one country seek to impose its power on other but in less war. This research studies one of the most complicated ongoing conflicts in the world about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For many centuries in the past objective has been to remove a nation from its territory or homeland and to introduce another different race to occupy its land. This uniqueness try to the Palestine struggle a distracted quality which accepts no similarity to any other war in modem history. The research focuses to identify socio-economic impacts of boarder disputes and special reference to study Gaza issue in Palestine. The study tries to present in depth review of major events which happened during the conflict and grounded on both positive and negative ideas of this matter. The socio and economic impacts are based on many aspects and the conflict and its consequences play a huge role in their strengthening or weakening. This research is entirely based on secondary data since only secondary data will be analyzed using content analyzes the research assume a qualitative approach. Research objectives will be achieved in the several theories, approaches and concepts, especially through the international relations theories using such Realism, Marxism and Constructivism to clarify in depth the reasons for the current struggle. The study is limited to the events and incidents that happened from 1948 to 2018. Different countries, important political figures, international organizations and other powerful entities tried to implement a resolution for the conflict by different means for many years. Unfortunately, peace was not an option. In the study number of key findings which are Adverse economic shocks to the Palestinian labor markets were important triggers to the violence in the second Intifada and The construction of the West Bank wall is the most robust correlate with violence in the post-Intifada period that include different aspects of relations among the two sides of the conflict
One Belt One Road Initiative
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Subasinghe, S.M.A.N.Y.
China is an emerging super power and it’s expected to be emerging as super power by 2050. To fulfill their ambition, it is very important to enhance their power and economic advancement. Therefore, they established a new strategy named ‘One Belt One Road’. It is introduced by President Xi Jinping in 2013. OBOR is China’s broadly sketch vision of how it plans to develop and cooperate between different countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. It has two main routes. They are the land based economic belt and the twenty first century maritime silk route. According to many scholars Belt Road Initiative is a new type of marshal plan. It is an influential strategy in the contemporary world and through this strategy they wish to enhance their economy, as well as the world peace. It is based on a Win-win situation. Therefore, every participant states may get same benefits. The main purpose of this study is to explore implication of One Belt One Road and describes the economic, political, social and environmental aspects. SWOT analysis has been used to examine the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and challenges to China and it emphasize the impacts of OBOR to the USA. The research take up a qualitative approach and to that end up it gathered secondary data particularly through conference proceedings, various documents of government, books, journal articles, magazine articles, and various websites of internet. OBOR is an ongoing strategy. It engages with more than sixty states and it is an influential factor to the world. According to China this strategy based on win-win situation. But there can identify some hiding expectation. Through this amazing strategy China is going to be the challenger of the existing super power. This study is significant in way of foreign relations and the power status of China in future
Power of Hallyu: Change in Sri Lankan Perception towards South Korea
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Fernando, A.
“Hallyu” or the Korean Wave refers to the surge in the international visibility of Korean culture, beginning in East Asia in the 1990s and continuing more recently in Asia, the United States, Latin America, the Middle East, and parts of Europe. Korean popular culture ranges from Korean music (K-pop), dramas (K-drama), movies, video games, food, fashion, tourism, and language (Hangul). Until recent times, images and information about South Korea were not familiar to Sri Lankans as Sri Lanka does not share any significant historical or cultural relations with South Korea. Images associated with South Korea are generally negative and related to events such as the Korean War, cycles of poverty and political instability. The main focus of this paper is to examine the effect of Hallyu on the Sri Lankan public perception towards South Korea. It will compare and contrast the attitudes of consumers and non-consumers of Korean popular culture on the subject of their feelings towards South Korea and Korean society. This Study uses qualitative data obtained through interviews from the selected samples regarding their thoughts related to Hallyu, K-pop, Korean culture, wider issues related to society, culture, and attitude towards South Korea. This paper will attempt to answer whether Hallyu has been capable of influencing Sri Lankan audiences through dissemination of attractive images of Korea. The findings conclude that the constant consumption of Korean popular cultural products has indeed affected the image Sri Lankans have towards South Korea in a positive way, by improving their knowledge and perception of South Korea. It also has also urged the consumers to travel to South Korea, learn the language and build social networks with the Koreans. The importance of this study rests on the power of popular culture to influence an individual's attitudes
US Strategic Interests in Sri Lanka
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Sakunthala, P.M.N.
The term Geopolitics oriented as a subject in middle twentieth centuries. Indian Ocean Region (IOR) became more significant in geopolitics and the region becoming a ground for a power play among major powers based on their interests. Sri Lanka is one of the strategically important country, which is situated in the South Asian continent. After the independence in 1948 from the British colonial rule Sri Lanka became a sovereign country with a rule of democratic political traditions. The geographical diversity increases the considerations of the international community. Sri Lanka located in the centre of the Indian Ocean and middle of the Silk route. Bothe Western and Eastern countries became closed to Sri Lanka and conducting bilateral, multilateral diplomatic relations. Their large trading programmes and development projects are still in operation. The United States of America, as the super power of the international system became very close friend of Sri Lanka since its independence. The relationships between both two countries were highly sharped with the democratic traditions, trade, military assistance and economic development projects. As a small country, Sri Lanka enjoying many advantages behalf of with US but there is a hidden and covert interests under these US involvements. The research takes up a qualitative approach and describes the real interests of US in Sri Lanka using secondary data collection methods. In the terms of methodology using in this research, this research is significant as it is a descriptive research and some kind of exploratory related research based on case study. The research findings may base on to discuss the strategic significances that affect to the shape of US foreign policy and find the positive or negative effects of such US involvements. And also, it concludes the real situation in third world countries with the pressure of neo liberal political and economic policies in the modern era
The Socio-economic Impacts of Refugee Migration in Germany: Special Reference to 2015-2018
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Silva, D.I.U.
Refugee migration is an important disputable factor in the world which occurs due to various severe situations such as war, violence and persecution. Germany hosts refugees not only in the past time periods but also increasingly in the present context. Therefore, this study has made an attempt at providing an account and analysis of the social and economic impacts of refugee migration in Germany. The main objective of this research is to identify the socio-economic impacts of refugee migration in Germany with specializing the time period from 2015 to 2018. In addition, one other aim is to discuss contemporary trends of refugee migration in Germany by concerning several institutions and policies which relate to refugees. This study illustrates Lee’s push pull theory because it relates with the reasons for refugee migration regarding the country of origin as well as the host country. The research is fundamentally based on secondary sources and necessary information was gathered from relevant books, statutes and conventions, scholarly journals, historical data, several publications, web information, newspaper articles and periodicals. The study finds that, most significant effects of refugee migration are associated with both positive and negative conditions on the areas such as social security, diversity of nationalities, cultures and religions, education, health conditions of local population, public expenditure, labor market, employment and unemployment rate. In order to convert the challenges often associated with hosting refugees into opportunities for Germany, responsible authorities and institutions should formulate more comprehensive and stable processes to guide future measures and policies aimed at utilizing the status of Germany and its hosting of refugees by minimizing social and economic impacts of refugee migration
International Humanitarian Law in Civil Wars: A Case Study on Sri Lanka
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gabadage, D.S.S.
The ideology of “war” is a realm that we experience since the very beginning of our civilization. It has developed for years by taking into account the needs, interests, developments and changing behaviours of people. However, the war is widely construed as intrinsically evil. And in contrast, war is an inevitable scenario of the international system. But with the changing interests of humans and states, the nature of wars differs from international armed conflicts to non-international armed conflicts. Therefore in order to regulate the occurrence and certain conducts during a war, the international community has established a system of legal regulations called international humanitarian law covering major areas of war from the beginning until the end. This study is based on how the international humanitarian law is applicable in the context of the civil war in Sri Lankan. This aims to give a descriptive and broad conception of international humanitarian law, its branches and its applicability in internal armed conflicts. Primarily in the context of civil wars. And also, this study discusses the major allegations of war crimes regarding the civil war in Sri Lanka and evaluates the applicability of the above humanitarian regulations giving special reference to conventions adopted by Sri Lanka. This qualitative study is primarily based on information collected from reports, journal articles, news items and other collections of surveys done by international organizations, non-governmental organizations and other State bodies. Thus, this study intends to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical aspects of international humanitarian law focusing on the civil war issues in Sri Lanka
The Practice of Economic Diplomacy as a Foreign Policy Tool in Sri Lanka Post 2015 Period
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Mudalige, I.P.
The pearl shaped Island state of Sri Lanka is strategically situated in a way India’s security is ascertained. Foreign policy isn't only an endless dialogue between the powers of continuity and the powers of change but also, it's a continuous changing process where states co- operated with other states on its own grounds regarding the international environment. The United National Party and Sri Lanka Freedom party have been governing Sri Lanka since 1948 with mutually exclusive policies. This new era of political collaboration through silent revolution has begun by the good governance government since 2015 and the new foreign policy has been guided by the principle of non-alignment based on the strategy of ‘Asian Centric Middle Path’. ‘Economic Diplomacy’ is the most significant tool in foreign policy. Among many pillars of economic diplomacy, Foreign Trade - Foreign Direct Investment, Tourism are playing major roles of economic diplomacy to reposition Sri Lanka as an economic hub of the Indian Ocean region under this regime. This government introduced economic reforms to reduce the bottlenecks named delays of doing FDI related businesses and barriers in financial and monetary sectors. The global economy has begun to shift from a Europe centric path to Asian centric economic path. Then, Sri Lanka’s duty is to cultivate a dual identity as ‘center of the Indian Ocean’ and gateway to the subcontinent’. Sri Lanka has already negotiated with China, Pakistan, and India and tries to negotiate with ASEAN nations named Singapore through large FDI during this government compared to the previous one but, Sri Lanka will have to face challenges which power balancing between China-India-Japan-USA and maintaining political stability of this government for fulfil her economics interests. Was Sri Lanka able to achieve economic goals & find solutions of financial issues through foreign economic policy since 2015? Are the foreign economic policies being diplomatically effective & productive to reach correct & positive direction of economic development in Sri Lanka? These problems would be answered through this research by soft power theory. The research findings that although Sri Lanka has been followed Non alignment policy, should pay attention absence of long term national economic strategy plan and large differences of implementation of policies and promises for rebuild the national economy. If that can be achieved, as the consequences of it can be relished by many generations to come who shall not be burdened again with the vulnerabilities of political economy
Post-War Reconciliation in Sri Lanka
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Meegahapola, R.A.
Sri Lanka as developing country in the Asian region, has experienced on 3 decades ethnic conflict within the country. These 30 years ethnic crisis between Sri Lankan government and LTTE caused to build ethnically collapsed nation and it also caused to tarnish the good image of the country. Despite many theories and analysis to rebuild the society with renew relations, still there are many lacking part behind the reconciliation process in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the purpose of conducting this research study is to cover the different roots that lead to Sri Lankan society to such a long term war, also finds out the governments’ effort to rebuild the collapsed nation and at the same time examines success of governments’ effort on reconciliation process. There are several causes which have supported to build sever offences between two ethnicities, especially government political reforms after the independence and during the S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike period severely affected to make adversary ideas within Tamil minority. This study is based on primary data which is collected by using questionnaire method, as well as qualitative secondary data and mainly depend on reconciliation process since 2009 to 2017. The theoretical analysis of the study largely based on bottom-up and top-down process. Through this theory try to understand competency of the reconciliation process to reinforce the collapsed nation. Research findings manifest that even though many reconciliation processes have been implemented by the two regimes, still government of Sri Lanka could not establish everlasting peace within the society. Because of that there are many consequences of the war still prevailing in the society and try to harm the freedom of the country. Therefore, the peace which the country gained in 2009 can recognize as a vulnerability peace. Hence, to establish everlasting peace within Sri Lankan context there should be strong mechanisms to listen to people and build cooperation within Sri Lanka
Economic Potential of Sri Lanka as a Business Hub in the Indian Ocean Region: Study Focused on Blue Economy Concept
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayawardane, B.A.I.M.
The concept of Blue economy describes the strategic and sustainable use of marine resources for development of the economy and wellbeing of humans. The concept of blue economy is a sub section of “Green economy concept". Blue economy links directly to the sustainable development of States. The term was introduced as a concept, by Gunter Pauli and the term emerged in the global scale after Rio+20 summit. The concept, mostly suits for Island States and least developed countries. This describes about a pathway to conserve the environment while boosting the economy. Diminished resources on land signifies the need of blue economy concept. The concept benefits to States by creating new employment and boosting coastal and national economies. Shipping and transport, seabed exploration, blue biotechnology, ocean renewable energy, fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism are the included priority areas of blue economy. Major economies of the world like China, European Union, United States, and Great Britain have adopted blue economy to their national strategy and gained higher GDP growth. Particularly, Sri Lanka as an Island State and being located in a significant geostrategic location has gifted with the ability to perform as a business hub in the region. The main aim of this study is to identify the potentials of blue economy and to discover, does Sri Lanka has utilized the available blue economy potentials in a sustainable manner. The study will takes up Qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. Primary data was collected by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaires and observation. Journals, books and other sorts of printed media provided secondary data to the study. The study uncovers the poor consideration of ocean health and marine resources and defects of policies which are connected to blue sector. Therefore, Sri Lanka need to enhance the blue economy industries by taking special consideration to ocean health and also Sri Lanka should be more interactive in the region to promote blue economy and to become a business hub in the Indian Ocean region by adopting policies which benefits to national interest of Sri Lanka
Socio-Economic Impact of Immigration on Australia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Wanigathunga, W.E.
At present Australia is the comfortable address to migrants. After the post Second World War period Australian government had a desire to increase their population and they started the migration programme. Before 200 years Australia had been built its’ population through immigration because of that Australia introduces as “migration nation”. At that time Australia established a restriction for the Asians and Africans, that was “White Australian Policy”. After the Second Post War period abolished this policy by the 1958 Act. After that, the migrants come to Australia around the world. Discuss the legal immigration trends in Australia and Australian immigration policies. Lee’s Push and Pull theory is using for the describing the causes to migrate to Australia. Secondary data collecting is the methodology of the abstract and that is finding from Journal articles, books, researchers, the reports of the Australian central bank. Finally, explore the Socio-Economic impact from the adaption of descriptive analyze. And also mainly explore about Socio-Economic impacts of immigration on Australia in the 21st century (with special reference to 2000-2015). These migrants are highly skilled and educated because of that Australia faced some new impacts; these impacts are both categories as Socio and Economic Impacts. Socially and Economically there are negative and positive outcomes because of that immigration is a critical condition to a country and also Australia has the same condition. From this abstract mainly discuss the impacts of Australia from the immigration programme
Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in South Asia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Yapa, A.R.R.
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign aid on Economic growth in South Asia. Still there is an inconclusive debate in determining the exact relationship between foreign aid and economic growth. Foreign aid basically consist with two types namely grants and loans. High debt burden and political influences make foreign aid less effective. To opposite that opinion, some empirical findings prove that foreign aid is important to increase the economic growth, assistance for human health, immediate humanitarian assistance in disasters and long-term development programs in developing countries. So still there is no robustness regarding the impact of foreign aid. This paper aims to find out the impact of foreign aid on economic growth and give some recommendation for a better economic status. Panel data of four South Asian countries are used for this analysis from 1990-2017.This study basically focuses on the impact of concessional loan and official development assistance on the economies of four (04) South Asian countries. They are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Ordinary Least Squares model is used to test the model. According to the findings of the model, it has been proven that foreign aid doesn’t make a significant impact on economic growth in South Asia from 1990-2017.So it is better not to depend on foreign aid. Because if a country has to pay higher proportion of aid repayments from its GDP, it is difficult to allocate resources on development purposes. Therefore, the developing countries should develop appropriate policies to depress debt burden. Government should effectively manage budget to avoid unnecessary current expenditure. Tax base should regulate to enhance the government revenue rather than depend on other nations. It is important to empower the transparency and accountability of governing bodies
Nation Branding and its Impact on Enhancing National Image: Special Reference to Australia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Sachikala, I.P.Y.N.
Today the world can be seen as a huge potential market as a result of globalization. In this context nation branding concept and its practice is a comprehensive and exciting text. This is a field of theory and practice which aims to build, manage and measure the reputation of nations. Nation brand is the total sum of all perceptions of a nation which may contain some of the following elements; people, place, culture, language, history, food, fashion, global brands etc. Nation branding appears to be practiced by many countries including the United States, Canada, France, United Kingdom, and Taiwan. Many nations try to make brands in order to build relationships between different actors that are not restricted to nations. It extends to public and private sector in a nation and help with nationalism. The objective of this study is to clarify the nation branding concept especially in six dimensions and examine how it helps to increase national image special reference to Australia. This study about the measure the index and nationalism. The research takes up a qualitative approach and to that end it gathers secondary data. The analysis is largely based on the theoretical analysis of Simon Anholt theory of the application of marketing strategies to individual countries. Countries have always been brand based on their unique identities. The research finding that manifest that a positive country brand provides a crucial advantage by helping to restore lapsed international credibility. As also branding may also increase international political influence and facilitate stronger international partnerships
The role of India and Pakistan on Escalation of Kashmir conflict
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Welhenage, S.M.
Kashmir conflict is a serious conflict happened in International system. India and Pakistan got freedom from British Colonialism in 1947. The problem was about 650 princely states controlled by different individuals. Kashmir was one of the largest princely state. India and Pakistan both claim for the ownership of area of Kashmir. Rivalry between India and Pakistan has been a major cause of concern in regard to peace in the two states from 1947. This thesis explores different aspects of the two countries in Kashmir that has become the most dangerous issue not only in South Asia but also in the world. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of India and Pakistan on escalation of Kashmir conflict. And also apply some main theories related to this study. And furthermore, looking at the historical background of the conflict and furthermore, consider about the causes and effects of Kashmir conflicts. Finally, provide the policy recommendations to resolve the conflict. This study is a case study. It based on Qualitative research approach. It utilizes secondary data from different sources such as, Academic articles, Books, Magazines, Internet resources etc. Therefore, this study uses the content analysis methods. This is still unresolved problem in world. This study ultimately makes some policy recommendations to resolve this conflict, such as, Inclusion of Kashmir people in the talks, stereotyping perceptions eliminated, constructively address grievances and problems, Neutralization of militants. This conflict strictly impacted to the relationship among India and Pakistan. It blemishes the bilateral relationship among these countries
Interconnected Linkage between Migration and Rural Poverty
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Dilhani, G.K.N.
Migration and poverty have become critical development issues in the contemporary world. For many poor people around the world migration is a way of life. But globalization has radically modified the scale of migration. Now people are more aware of opportunities beyond. Poverty is a main problem and irrefragable question in contemporary world. That is the major burning problem in Sri Lanka and entire world. Poverty forced to migration as a way of livelihood. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Migration can both cause and be caused by poverty. Poverty can be decrease as well as stimulate by migration. Similarly, migration can increase or decrease inequality. Rural poverty is the main layer of the poverty. Migration becomes widespread with remittances, skills gained, and opening up of new opportunities begins to benefit poorer households. Migration can give influential benefit for poor people in the rural area. Then their increase incomes, leads to new skills, improve social status and improve quality of life. Therefore, migration directly or indirectly reduces poverty especially in rural area. Most of the rural areas are suffering from poverty. Step by step Sri Lanka followed migration process as a way of occupation. Then this was a phenomenon of rural development also economic development. There is an interconnected linkage. To reduce poverty, they embrace migration as a main solution in rural area. This research will be focused on the effect of rural poverty on migration. The main objectives of this study are to identify various information of poverty in Sri Lanka and to examine the impact of migration on reducing poverty in Sri Lanka and finally to suggest solutions reduce the poverty with migration in Sri Lanka. For this research purposed both primary and secondary data. Primary data will be collected from selected Grama Niladhari division through interviewing. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics method. After the 30 years’ war we are finding a sustainable economic situation to this country. Hence it is very hard process to apply with rural poverty. Poverty becomes a complex societal issue around the world
Rise of China as a World Power; Implications on USA
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Wijesinghe, H.P.D.K.
China has been currently pursuing its national interests through its global workout of economic and soft power as it projects a non-aggressive, friendly diplomacy to states in the world. China is utilizing its soft power plan to stimulate its own national interests, rather than becoming a direct challenge to the USA. The main objective of this research is to find out the actions that have been taken by China to become a world power. Specific objectives are to determine threats imposed by China on the USA and to determine how other states respond to China’s rise in the international system. As the world’s second-largest economy after the USA, China is constantly growing and widening its influence around the globe. Rise of China has influenced countries such as Japan, USA, India, South Korea, Russia and Taiwan. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative secondary data relevant to the researched topic. A world power is defined as a country that has global influence over others in cultural, technological, military and political spheres, and China is emerging as a strong contender for the position. China being a member of the United Nations Security Council and member of many other recognized international organizations has achieved its global status as a great power. USA is afraid about its powerful position in the international system due to this rise of China and USA is trying their best to balance the power of China either by soft power or hard power. The rapid growth of China’s GDP has raised questions, especially in the United States – about how China might use that power. The Chinese elite is very sensitive to and keen on the pursuit of international status for their nation. The strong Chinese interest in international status comes from a combination of cultural, historical, social and contemporary political sources. Escalating political tension between the USA and China leads many to wonder “Is China the next Superpower? As the findings of this research, there are many implications of China’s rise on the USA based on its national interests in political, economic and military spheres. These implications impact on the USA either positively or negatively. The USA has implemented an engagement policy to counter China’s rise based on ‘peaceful development’. Strategies used by the USA to counter China’s rise is much important for future relations between two nations and their stature in the international system.
The Economic Impact of Multinational Corporations on the Developing Countries: with special reference to South Asia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Wickramasinghe, W.M.M.D.
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) play an important role in the contemporary global economy. Therefore, it is a major issue in the process of economic development, especially in developing countries. The term "MNC” which includes corporations operating on the international and transnational level. Historically, MNCs are closely linked with colonialism and imperialism. In addition, MNCs originate in the industrialized countries and they have become the buzzword of globalization. Hence, this research explores the impact of MNCs effects on the economic situation of developing countries. The analysis is based on the case study with the selected sample; Unilever in Sri Lanka, Coca-Cola in India, KFC in Pakistan, and Chevron (petroleum industry) in Bangladesh. This research uses secondary data in order to identify economic effects and economic development by MNCs in developing countries, especially in South Asia. Moreover, it concerns host countries policy towards MNCs. As per the findings, developing countries adopted more open policies towards MNCs during the 1980s. Therefore, MNCs enter host countries by using different strategies such as FDI. Further, they always are profit-oriented and enjoy command over enormous financial resources for investment and their entry into developing countries make a transfer of funds from developed countries to developing countries. They generate employment, increase national income, and improve the managerial standards and entrepreneurial abilities of the host countries. However, they earn higher incomes, but the consumption of improved quality goods and services to people in poorer regions. Contrariwise, MNCs activities displace local producers and spoil small domestic enterprises. Because MNCs maintain huge cost for marketing more than production. Further, they do not give chance to any other domestic company to compete with them. Because they control the global economic market. In conclusion, this study highlights more benefits and relationship between MNCs and economic growth and development of developing countries. Therefore, the economic involvement of MNCs is important to South Asian countries as a developing region