ICBI 2016

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Impact of High Commitment Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Engagement: Evidence from Private and State Commercial Banks of Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Patrick, A.V.; Gamage, P.N.
This study explores the impact of High Commitment Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Engagement in selected state and private commercial banks in Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between High Commitment HR practices such as Performance Appraisal, Compensation, Career Development and Employee Engagement in the selected state and private commercial banks of Sri Lanka. The sample of this study includes two private commercial banks and two state commercial banks in Sri Lanka. A quantitative approach based survey in form of close ended structured Five Point Likert-scale questionnaires were used to obtain the responses from executive bank employees. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. In order to test the hypotheses of the study the correlation, regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. The statistical results of the study reveal that Performance Appraisal, Compensation and Career Development are significant predictors of Employee Engagement. The outcome of this study may help the policy makers in the banking sector to draft HR policies to improve their service towards better customer satisfaction and to gain competitive advantage which can drive the banks towards profitability and favorable business outcomes.
Influence of 'Seven Ps' on Customer Satisfaction in Hotel Industry in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Shameem, A.L.M.A.
This study aims to find out the influence of seven Ps’ on customer satisfaction in hotel industry in Sri Lanka. The hotels and tourism business has been developing with the world fashionable sector, and various kinds of marketing applications and practices are used to attract tourists in this particular industry. It is the largest and fastest growing business sector in Sri Lanka. Further the post war scenario, the hotel and tourism industry has strongly taken major role to contribute to the service industry of Sri Lanka. The place Pasikuda and Arugam Bay have become a famous tourist destination with the history of Sri Lanka. A methodical literature review was done in order to identify the variables for the conceptual framework of the study. For this study Pasikuda and Arugam Bay geographical areas were selected as a sample to represent the whole population in hotels in the East part of Sri Lanka, because these are major tourist destination in Eastern Province. This study used mixed methods research that combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study findings strongly support the argument that the strategic marketing practices should be implemented holistically. According to the analysis, it is possible to conclude that six independent variables such as product, price, place, promotion, people, and process all have positive effect and direct relationship to customer satisfaction in hotel industry while physical evidence has a negative effect and direct relationship to customer satisfaction.
Organizational Politics in Sri Lankan Business Organizations
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Gunasekare, U.L.T.P.
Organizational politics is endemic to organizations and it is unavoidable by its nature. People come to work situations with many goals, not just one unified goal. These goals invoke conflict and competition among workers for the expenditure of scarce resources. So organizational politics involves amassing organizational power for personal benefits, rather than organizational objectives. Organizational politics can adversely affect organizational productivity. Organizational politics can be functional as well to the organizations. Therefore this study attempts to ascertain most common political behaviors in Sri Lankan business organizations which could be employed for the meaningful positive outcomes. In revealing the genuine thoughts regarding their political behaviors, the study employed qualitative research techniques. Study revealed that five political behaviors most frequently exist were selectively using information, managing impressions, and generating support for ideas, praising others and building coalitions. Finally the paper discusses how these political behaviors could be utilized for constructive organizational effects as practical implications.
Self Determination Theory (SDT): A Review on SDT as a Complementary Theory of Motivation
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Gunasekare, U.L.T.P.
Self-Determination theory is a comprehensive theory of motivation of human behavior supporting that humans are naturally growth oriented and seek out relationships, connections and challenges that aid humanistic growth and develop their authentic self. This paper discusses the Self Determination Theory (SDT) as a theory of motivation to enlighten the understanding of organizational researchers and practitioners to complement the application of traditional motivation theories. SDT provides a useful conceptual tool for motivating people from extrinsic motivation to intrinsic autonomous motivation. The extensive literature review on motivation from the SDT perspective was carried out in this study which yielded a significant new understanding of work motivation, and it further suggests opportunities to utilize the theory for research on work-related phenomena. Furthermore, the review provides insight in to how fulfillment of autonomy, competence and relatedness result in self-regulated human motivation. The Implications of the study and suggestions for further research are presented.
Risk Disclosures: A Study on Risk Management Disclosure in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Wijesinghe, K.D.G.N.; Rajapakshe, R.M.D.A.P.
Concentration on risk and the importance of risk management is highly increased in the past decades due to the dynamic and highly volatile economic conditions. By definition risk management is important to every organization despite the industry sector. Study focuses on identification differences in risk management disclosures among industry sectors. Four different industry sectors namely manufacturing, plantation, hotel and healthcare were used for the study. Three base documents namely COSO model, ISO 31000, and FERMA- risk management standard were used to develop a common checklist of disclosure requirements. The Study reveals that all companies provide separate disclosures on risk management in their annual reports and attempt to incorporate risk management practices to their strategy and observes that there are differences in risk management disclosures and practices among industry sectors.
Influence of New Media on Purchasing of Cars in Tamilnadu; India
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Venkateswaran, T.S.; Arun, R.
New Media stands for digital consumerism technology that has a new life to business throughout the world. The development of WWW and digital advertisement has made a leap in business. New media is a technical advancement marketing channel via handheld devices through which the marketers can reach the consumers. The automobile market in India is predominated by New Media nowadays. A Simple Random sampling technique was adopted. Descriptive statistical tools such as Percentage, Mean, Median and Standard Deviation have been used to describe the profiles of consumers. ANOVA, t-Test and F-Test have been used to test the significant differences between the groups of respondents. Chi-Square test has been used to test the association between the consumer demographic characteristics and preferred product attributes and satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis has been used to study the influence of income and lifestyle on overall satisfaction level of the respondents. This study concludes that new media plays a vital role in marketing compact cars.
Impact of Customer Relationship Perceptions on Customer Loyalty in Supermarkets in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Piumali, W.M.H.; Wijethunga, W.M.H.U.
Building and maintaining strong relationships with their customers has become a basic requirement for companies today. Therefore, firms aim to build close relationships with customers to enhance Customer Relationship Perceptions (CRPs) which would lead to Customer Loyalty (CL). There are only few researches that have studied the relationship between CRPs and CL especially in the Sri Lankan context. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between CRPs and CL of supermarkets in Sri Lanka. This study is descriptive and correlational in nature. Target population of the study was all supermarket consumers and 180 of them were selected as the sample. The results show that, there is a high level of CRPs among supermarket consumers in terms of affective commitment and satisfaction and there is high level of CL towards supermarket consumers in terms of attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Findings of the study highlight that CRPs dimensions positively effect to the customer loyalty.
Effects of Health and Safety Measures on Job Performance of Technical Staff: With Reference to Port Industry in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Perera, P.S.W.; Rajapaksha, U.G.
In a work environment where Employee Health and Safety and Organizational Profit Maximization is highly prioritized, it is of high importance to identify and understand the effects Health and Safety Measures have on Job Performance. Thus this study addresses to understand the effects of Health and Safety Measures on Job Performance of Technical Staff focusing Port Industry in Sri Lanka. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire from a sample of 100 technical employees and from a semi-structured interview with a safety officer. Since the study comprised of a mix approach, statistical estimation of quantitative components of the collected data were done by ordinal regression logit model using SPSS (version 22) software while qualitative components were analyzed using thematic approach. The quantitative analysis revealed a positive and a significant relationship between health and safety measures and Job performance of technical staff and the qualitative analysis further supported the quantitative research findings leading to the conclusion that there is a positive impact of health and safety measures on job performance.
Impact of Human Resource Management Practices and Culture on Promoting Academic Entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Perera, L.N.S.; Senarath, S.A.C.L.
Academic entrepreneurship has been identified as the third mission for the universities, and recognized that there are opportunities for earning extra income through commercialization of university research and innovations. Many universities in the world adopt different academic entrepreneurship strategies and to promote them internal organizational environment has a major influence. Specially the human resources management practices and the entrepreneurial culture of the universities. Sri Lanka is a developing nation interesting in promoting academic entrepreneurship in public universities. In promoting academic entrepreneurship in these universities, authorities needs to identify how the internal environment will impact on it from Sri Lankan context. However, there is a lacuna of research which have been done to identify this relationship. This study intends to fill this gap by identifying the impact of present human resource management practices and university cultural on promoting academic entrepreneurship strategies adopted by the public universities in Sri Lanka. The study used deductive methodology and developed two declarative hypotheses on human resource management systems and organizational culture to identify its impact on entrepreneurial strategies adopted by universities in Sri Lankan. This quantitative study was conducted using four public universities in the western province, Sri Lanka. Primary data were used for the analysis and the primary data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews. Finally, outcomes of this research identified that human resource management systems and organizational culture contribute to promote academic entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka public universities.
An Insight for Investment: A Case on Maldivian Tourism Sector
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Hamidon, T.D.
This study examines the Maldivian tourism sector from an investor’s view point. Data was collected from both primary sources as well as secondary sources such as information from Maldivian Ministry of tourism and Maldives High Commission – London. The period in consideration for the study is from 2010-2020. Financial forecast method is used in this study to forecast the tourism sector revenue. This study revealed that the resorts, hotels, guest houses and safari vessels are the establishment types with regards to Maldivian tourism sector where resorts contribute to 85% of the total sector revenue making it the highest contributor. Further, lifestyles, location, branding, food production and supply, technology, legislation and regulations, security and assets to be the drivers of the sector demand while location for target market, quality management, global outlook and flexibility act as critical success factors. Discussing the markets, China continues to be the top most contributor in terms of size of revenue and number of tourist visits and Asia pacific region tops the charts as the largest contributor in terms of tourist arrivals. Historically, tourism sector has shown an annual average growth rate of 29% over the past 3 years, from 2013-2015 while the author’s forecasted figures estimate the sector’s annual revenue would on average be 24% from 2016-2020.
Impact of Knowledge Inertia on Organizational Learning
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Aqeela, M.S.F.; Victor, L.D.
The aim of this research is to examine the impact of knowledge inertia on organizational learning. The study took two variables named knowledge inertia and organizational learning which are analyzed in private sector organizations. Information was gathered from employees who are working in private organizations. The sample size is 200 employees in Puttalam District. The collected data are presented through univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the SPSS 19.0 software. According to the results obtained through the data, the level of knowledge inertia is at moderate level and the organizational learning is in high level. Further it is proved that the knowledge inertia and the Organizational learning have a negative relationship between them.
Impact of Outsourcing on Lead Time to Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Perera, M.D.B.; Rajapaksha, U.G.
Lead time is a main challenge that the apparel industry of Sri Lanka has to face due to rising markets, frequently changing fashion patterns and high competition in the industry both locally and internationally. Therefore, meeting customer demands at a minimum time is crucial. This research was conducted using a sample of 30 apparel organizations in the Colombo district on the basis of simple random sampling. Outsourcing of transportation, warehousing, procurement, sales & marketing and packaging are the independent variables while the dependent variable is reduction in lead time. To conduct the research, primary data was collected through interviews and a questionnaire filled by the management of the apparel organization. The statistical estimation of data is done by Ordinal Regression Logit Model. Researcher was able to identify a positive impact of outsourcing on lead time in terms of apparel industry and with reduction of lead time the organizational and industry performance improves.
Relationship between Stock Market Performance & Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Silva, N.K.L.; Perera, P.R.M.R.; Silva, N.L.C.
In general, economic growth is an important factor which helps a country to become strong and prosper than the other nations in the world. Thus the attempt of this study is to identify the relationship between stock market performance and economic growth of Sri Lanka and to analyze how stock market performance affects the economic growth of Sri Lanka. Quarterly data is collected from Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka, and Colombo Stock Exchange for a period of sixteen years from year 2000 to 2015 to follow the analysis where All Share Price Index representing the Stock Market Performance is the independent variable while Real Gross Domestic Product representing the Economic Growth is the dependent variable. Data set is proven to be normally distributed. Econometric technique of simple regression model and correlation analysis was used to analyze the data using SPSS software in order to identify and further explain the relationship between stock market performance and economic growth of Sri Lanka. Findings of the study is parallel with the previous literature that discloses a strong positive relationship between stock market performance and economic growth of Sri Lanka. This study extends the literature, providing valued information to economists in developing countries and to the academia.
Determinants of Corporate Internet Financial Reporting: Evidence from Top Twenty Listed Companies in Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Priyadarshani, P.L.W.; Regina, A.L.V.
Disseminating financial information via internet is one strategy to facilitate decision makers, capture wider audience and to disclose more information than what is possible from traditional paper – based reporting. Current study focused to establish the level and the determinants of Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) done by listed companies in Sri Lanka. Consequently top twenty listed companies in Sri Lanka was surveyed since they assist both local and international investors to gauge the performance of the equity market. The level of IFR is measured by IFR index composed with Disclosure Content and Presentation Format elements. The study disclosed the level of IFR is above average and it is significantly and positively influenced by Company Size, Profitability, Leverage and Liquidity whereas significantly and negatively influenced by Ownership Concentration. Findings of this study assist and inform regulators about the characteristics of listed companies that are and are not satisfy domestic and international investors’ demand on online information.
Impact of Using Green Practices on Sales Volume of the Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Ratnajeewa, D.R.; Jinadasa, A.
The primary objective of this study is to identify the relationship between implementing green practices and its effect to the sales volume in the apparel sector. The sample of the study has been selected from Colombo district and was based on convenience sampling method. The sample size was 20.Primary data was obtained through a questionnaire developed after an extensive literature review and by conducting interviews. SPSS was used for data analysis. ANOVA table was obtained and KMO test and Reliability test were performed. Findings stated that, there is a positive relationship between certain green practices and sales volume. But not with all four main functions considered which are procurement activities, manufacturing activities, transportation activities and consumer care activities. Further the study has found that manufacturers are not interested in undertaking green practices since it is not a mandatory requirement by the law.
Do Supply Chain Management Practices Contribute Firm Competitiveness? A Study based on Medium Scale Entrepreneurial Firms in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Wijetunge, W.A.D.S.; Ranwala, R.S.
It is evident that supply chain management (SCM) practices are widely practiced by large scale and established business organizations as benchmark. Not only large firms but also small and medium scale businesses are required to follow these practices to achieve the growth. Further, present business environment is very competitive and organizations should face this as a challenge. This study empirically investigate the impact of supply chain management on competitiveness. Sample consists of 327 production managers of medium scale entrepreneurial firms (manufacturing sector) in Colombo district. The analyzed data supports the hypotheses revealing that higher the level of involvement in SCM practices higher the competitiveness. Further, it found that except level of information quality and lean practices, other practices of SCM (strategic partnership with suppliers, customer relationship, level of information sharing and internal supply chain process are significant factors that affect firm competitiveness.
Effect of Government Debt on Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Silva, N.L.C.; Silva, N.K.L.; Perera, P.R.M.R.
This paper investigates the relationship between government debt and gross domestic product (GDP) of Sri Lanka. Objective of this study is to find out the relationship between these two variables and the impact of government debt on economic growth. Data was collected from the annual reports of Central Bank of Sri Lanka, which has proven to be normally distributed. Correlation and Linear Regression model were used to ascertain the mentioned relationships. Data sample represents the annual time series data for a period of 15 years starting from 2000 to 2014. The results of the study is consistent with the Keynes view which proves that there is a positive impact of government debt on Gross Domestic Product.
Mission Statements in the Leisure Industry: Are they Strategic?
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Gunasekare, U.L.T.P.
Organizations summarize their goals and objectives in mission statements and it is widely believed that mission statements significantly impact on strategy and organizational performance. Therefore crafting an effective and attractive mission statement is significant due to these strategic benefits. This study intends to extract the mission statements of twenty companies in the leisure industry in Sri Lanka and analyze the components using the Nine Points Scale approach of Fred R. David to determine how strategic they are. Thus this study is significant, to look at the appropriateness of the mission statement as a strategic tool in serving its intended duty. Therefore the findings would be useful to rethink, if they find their mission statements are poorly crafted. The companies possibly refine their competitive landscape by reformulating this strategic tool in the process of competitive positioning. The contents of mission statements of twenty companies were reviewed and ranked using David’s (1987) model that employs nine components in assessing a mission statement. The study found that the companies operating in leisure industry in Sri Lanka have crafted their mission statements including some of important components specified by Fred R. David. It mainly reflects that they are moderately strategic in formation of mission statements for their companies.
Tea Tourism as a Marketing Tool: A Strategy to Develop the Image of Sri Lanka as a Remarkable Tourism Destination
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Fernando, P.I.N.; Rajapaksha, R.M.P.D.K.; Kumari, K.W.S.N.
Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries which provides employments to more than 100 million people around the world. Niche tourism refers to strategy that specific tourism product is personalized to meet the needs of a particular tourist segment. Hence Tea tourism has been identified as one of niche Tourism segments emerged with novel concept of sustainable and nature based eco-friendly tourism. The research objective of this study is to identify the potentials to promote Sri Lanka as a tea tourism destination with special reference to Badulla and Nuwara Eliya districts by investigating the tea tourists’ attitudes, expectations and destination attributes and local community involvement for tea tourism. Sample consisting of 173 tea tourists, structured questionnaire and semi structured interviews were adopted in primary data collection. The numerous potentials have been identified which will be useful in promoting tea tourism. Destination image building with the brand name of “Ceylon Tea”, global promotional campaigns with the collaboration of Social Media, Marketing tools and introducing sustainable tourism experience packages were recommended in order to promote tea tourism.
Assessing the Impact of Learning Culture on Organizational Outcomes: A Case of Miami Exports (PVT) LTD
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Premachandre, D.T.
Learning and development has become inevitable in order to survive in today’s changing environment. Thus, learning and development has become a critical concept for researchers. However, previous studies have failed to clearly stress on its impact on organizational outcomes. Hence this study addresses the problem of “what is the impact of learning culture on organizational outcomes”. Its main focus is to identify the impact of learning culture on employee retention and employee motivation. This is an exploratory study which analyzes using a qualitative approach. It is conducted as a holistic case study based on Miami Exports (Pvt) Ltd in Sri Lanka. The target population for the research is the employees of Miami Exports and 25 employees who worked in the Homagama branch was selected as the sample. The research findings clarifies that there is a direct impact of learning culture on retention however the impact on motivation is not much apparent.